Cooley's cyclopaedia of practical receipts and collateral information in the arts, manufactures, professions, and trades including medicine, pharmacy, hygiene, and domestic economy : designed as a comprehensive supplement to the Pharmacopoeia and general book of reference for the manufacturer, tradesman, amateur, and heads of families . important that there shouldbe complete disconnection betweeen the pipeand the drain by means of one of the manyventilating contrivances so well known to sani-tary engineers. The best material for the manufacture ofdrain pipes is hard, well-burnt, smooth, andgla
Cooley's cyclopaedia of practical receipts and collateral information in the arts, manufactures, professions, and trades including medicine, pharmacy, hygiene, and domestic economy : designed as a comprehensive supplement to the Pharmacopoeia and general book of reference for the manufacturer, tradesman, amateur, and heads of families . important that there shouldbe complete disconnection betweeen the pipeand the drain by means of one of the manyventilating contrivances so well known to sani-tary engineers. The best material for the manufacture ofdrain pipes is hard, well-burnt, smooth, andglazed earthenware; bricks and porous earthen-ware are particularly ill adapted for the pur-pose ; so also are iron pipes, unless they arethoroughly cemented inside. In the laying of drain pipes care shouldbe taken to place them on concrete, in loosesoils, and on well-worked puddled clay, in thecase of clay soils. When they are laid in veryloose soils it is sometimes necessary, besidesemploying concrete, to additionally use evenpiling for the depth of a foot. Leakage andconsequent soakage of the soil are sure to takoplace sooner or later if the drain pipes arenot laid on a good foundation, as they arewhen the drains are badly and carelesslyjoined. Messrs Brooke, of Huddersfield, have in-vented a combined drain and subsoil pipe, the. latter, on which the drain pipe rests, beingperforated, carries off the subsoil water. Thiscontrivance is adapted for wet soils. When junction pipes are required for unitingthe drain pipes those known as oblique junc-tions only should be used. The junctionsknown as square junctions should beavoided, as they are always sure to becomeblocked up. With respect to the fall of drain pipes DrParkes says, one in forty-eight is frequentlygiven, or three quarters of an inch in erwf 684 DRAUGHT yard j a fall of one in sixty-five in drains ofsix inches diameter, and one in eighty-sevenin drains of eight inches diameter, will give avelocity of 220 feet per minute.
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