LRichard's ..Comprehensive geography of the Chinese empire and dependencies ..translated into English, revised and enlarged . osits. This same alluvium mingled with loess,predominates in the \ In the centre, a large portion of the soil is composed of gneiss,mixed, with limestone and clay. lu the E., gneiss is also found, but mingled .to a great-er extent with granite, sand-stone and limestone, while to the N. especially, it is veinedwith basalt and porphyry. Orography. — Adjacent to the Hwang-ho ^ fpf and theGrand Canal, a va8t plain extends to the N. and to the S. ofthese 2 rivers. In the
LRichard's ..Comprehensive geography of the Chinese empire and dependencies ..translated into English, revised and enlarged . osits. This same alluvium mingled with loess,predominates in the \ In the centre, a large portion of the soil is composed of gneiss,mixed, with limestone and clay. lu the E., gneiss is also found, but mingled .to a great-er extent with granite, sand-stone and limestone, while to the N. especially, it is veinedwith basalt and porphyry. Orography. — Adjacent to the Hwang-ho ^ fpf and theGrand Canal, a va8t plain extends to the N. and to the S. ofthese 2 rivers. In the centre is an important mountmn mass formed h\several chains, whence issue in all directions a great numberof rivers. The principal peak is the T^ai-shan ^ ^J, whichattains an altitude of 5,060 feet. To the East of Kiao Chow 0 j^ Bay is another mass, for-med by several chains, running to S. W. and of which thehighest, called the fAno-shati ^ lU, rises to 3,700 feet. A thirdchain exists to the S. E. of Chefoo ^ %. It is a spur of theK*nen1nn ^ |^ [Jj range, and is only 2,940 feet in height. CHAPTER IV. SHANTUNG. 81. GEOLOGICAL MAP OF SHANTUNG Oj ^according to Richlhofen. 82 SECTION I. THE NORTHERN REGION. Climate.— The climate, milder in the in general very healthy. The is keenly felt on the Northern coast, and the S. E. monsoon on the Southerncoast. The rainy soason comnioncos in July and Auf,ust, and the snow which falls iuabundance durinf< Winter, disappears very quickly. In .July,fof,s are frequent upon thecoasts. At Chefoo there is an avcra^i- rainfall of 24,4 inches, and 15,G inches at Winter, the rocks on the Northern seacoast are at times covered with ice. Thisarises fi-oni the waves hreakinp: on tlie shore,and the ice may last for several weeks. Hydrography.— To the W. are long rivers confined to theplain and running through the lowlands. The principal one isthe Htt^atig-ho ^ ^, which runs from to , and crossesthe Grand
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