. History of Hereford cattle : proven conclusively the oldest of improved breeds . Hereford cattle. 224 PI I S T 0 E Y OF HEREFORD CATTLE another, renders the animal valuable, it is the chest. There must be room enough for the heart to beat and the lungs to play, or suffi- cient blood for the purposes of nutriment and of strength will not be circulated—nor will it thoroughly undergo that vital change which is essential to the proper discharge of every func- tion. Look, therefore, first of all, to the wide and deep girth around the heart and lungs—we must have both. The proportion in which the
. History of Hereford cattle : proven conclusively the oldest of improved breeds . Hereford cattle. 224 PI I S T 0 E Y OF HEREFORD CATTLE another, renders the animal valuable, it is the chest. There must be room enough for the heart to beat and the lungs to play, or suffi- cient blood for the purposes of nutriment and of strength will not be circulated—nor will it thoroughly undergo that vital change which is essential to the proper discharge of every func- tion. Look, therefore, first of all, to the wide and deep girth around the heart and lungs—we must have both. The proportion in which the one or the other is preponderate may depend on the service we require from the animal; we can excuse a slight degree of flatness of the. THE FOUNDATION OF AN OHIO HERD. sides, for he will be lighter in the forehand and more active, but the grazier must have breadth as well as depth. And not only about the heart and lungs, but over the whole of the ribs must we have both length and roundness —the hooped as well as the deep barrel is essen- tial. There must be room for the capacious paunch, room for the materials from which the blood is to be provided. The beast should also be ribbed home. There should be little space between the ribs and the hips. This seems to be indispensable in the ox, as it regards a good, healthy constitution and a propensity to fat- ten ; but a largeness and drooping of the belly is excusable in a cow, or, rather, notwithstand- ing it diminishes the beauty of the animal, it leaves room for the udder, and if it is also ac- companied by swelling milk veins it generally indicates her value in the dairy. The introduction of the Fatten stock into Kentucky effected as much benefit to us in the improvement of our cattle in a little more than twenty years as was effected in England in more than sixty years. A printed report of a select committee of the House of Commons, in 1795, stated that cattle and sheep had increased on an average, in size and weight, ab
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