. The dawn of civilization: Egypt and Chaldaea . hesnet, Euphrates Expedition, vol. i. p. 653 ; Layard,Nineveh and Babylon, p. 109). See p. 340 of the present work for an illustration of the Egyptianshaduf. 3 Drawn by Faucher-Gudin, from an Assyrian bas-relief from Koyunjik (Layard, The Monuments of Nineveh, 2nd series, pi. 15). * Meissner, Beitrcige zum altbabylonischen Privatrecht, pp. 12, 13. SLAVES AND AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS. 765 latter in such case providing all the expenses of cultivation, on the under-standing that he should receive two-thirds of the gross product. The tenantwas obliged
. The dawn of civilization: Egypt and Chaldaea . hesnet, Euphrates Expedition, vol. i. p. 653 ; Layard,Nineveh and Babylon, p. 109). See p. 340 of the present work for an illustration of the Egyptianshaduf. 3 Drawn by Faucher-Gudin, from an Assyrian bas-relief from Koyunjik (Layard, The Monuments of Nineveh, 2nd series, pi. 15). * Meissner, Beitrcige zum altbabylonischen Privatrecht, pp. 12, 13. SLAVES AND AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS. 765 latter in such case providing all the expenses of cultivation, on the under-standing that he should receive two-thirds of the gross product. The tenantwas obliged to administer the estate as a careful householder during theterm of his lease : he was to maintain the buildings and implements in goodrepair, to see that the hedges were kept up, to keep the shadufs in workingorder, and to secure the good condition of the He had rarelyenough slaves to manage the business with profit : those he had purchased weresufficient, with the aid of his wives and children, to carry on ordinary operations,. CHALDJÎAN FARMING OPERATIONS.* but when any pressure arose, especially at harvest-time, he had to seek else-where the additional labourers he required. The temples were the chief sourcesfor the supply of these. The majority of the supplementary labourerswere free men, who were hired out by their family, or engaged themselves for afixed term, during which they were subject to a sort of slavery, the conditionsof which were determined by law. The workman renounced his liberty forfifteen days, or a month, or for a whole year ; he disposed, so to speak, of aportion of his life to the provisional master of his choice, and if he did not enterupon his work at the day agreed upon, or if he showed himself inactive in theduties assigned to him, he was liable to severe punishment. He received inexchange for his labour his food, lodging, and clothing ; and if an accidentshould occur to him during the term of his service, the law granted him an 1 Ra
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, bookidd, booksubjectcivilization
