. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 132 I. BOSCH ET AL. UJ S 90- 60- 30-. 10 1 5 20 25 30 TEMPERATURE (°C) FIGURE 2. Duration of embryonic development to hatching as a function of temperature for seven species of echinids and strongylocentrotids with indirect development. Hatching occurs at the ciliated blastula stage. Mean diameter of ova ranges between 80 (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) to 179 ^m (Stere- chinus neumaveri). 4 Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis reared at 0, 4, 8°C (Stephens, 1980) and 9-10°C (Strathmann, 1974); • reared at 10, and
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 132 I. BOSCH ET AL. UJ S 90- 60- 30-. 10 1 5 20 25 30 TEMPERATURE (°C) FIGURE 2. Duration of embryonic development to hatching as a function of temperature for seven species of echinids and strongylocentrotids with indirect development. Hatching occurs at the ciliated blastula stage. Mean diameter of ova ranges between 80 (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) to 179 ^m (Stere- chinus neumaveri). 4 Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis reared at 0, 4, 8°C (Stephens, 1980) and 9-10°C (Strathmann, 1974); • reared at 10, and 12-13°C (Strathmann, 1974); A S. pulcherrimus reared at 25-27°C (Onoda, 1936); O S. purpuratus reared at 10°C (Strathmann, 1974); D Loxechinus a/bus reared at 13-14°C (Arrau, 1955); • Parechinus angitlosus reared at 15°C (Cram, 1971); 0 Sterechinus neumaveri reared at to , to , to , and to °C (this study). perate species Parechinus angulosus and Psammechinus miliaris are competent to metamorphose 60 days after fertilization at ambient temperatures (10-16°C) (Shearer el al, 1913; Cram, 1971), less than half the time required for S. neumaveri near their normal ambient temperature (°C). This observation agrees with the general trend noted by Emlet el al. (in press) between decreased temperatures (and increased latitudes) and increased time to metamorphosis for echinoids with planktotrophic larvae. Because factors unrelated to temperature may influence rates of post-embryonic development (, larval food and density, Kume and Dan, 1968; Hinegardner, 1969), we critically compared the rates of embryonic development to the hatched blastula stage at different temperatures, both of Sterechinus neumaveri and other sea urchin species with planktotrophic larvae within the families Echinidae and Strongy- locentrotidae. Time to hatching ranged from a minimum of 13 hours at 25-27°C in the tropical species Strongylocentrotus pulcherrimu
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
