. Biophysics: concepts and mechanisms. Biophysics. 164 A CONCEPTUAL INTRODUCTION TO BIOENERGETICS from one state to another, rather than absolute quantities in any state, the absolute quantities disclosed via the Third Law permit easy evaluation of the changes. More Detailed Consideration of the First Law. Enthalpy or Heat Content The internal energy of a body is defined as the sum total of all the kinetic and potential energy contained within the body. When expressed per gram molecular weight it is given the symbol U cal/mole, and is a "state vari- able," that is, one whose value de
. Biophysics: concepts and mechanisms. Biophysics. 164 A CONCEPTUAL INTRODUCTION TO BIOENERGETICS from one state to another, rather than absolute quantities in any state, the absolute quantities disclosed via the Third Law permit easy evaluation of the changes. More Detailed Consideration of the First Law. Enthalpy or Heat Content The internal energy of a body is defined as the sum total of all the kinetic and potential energy contained within the body. When expressed per gram molecular weight it is given the symbol U cal/mole, and is a "state vari- able," that is, one whose value depends only upon the temperature, pres- sure, and composition, irrespective of how it arrived at this condition. Heat energy, (that contained in the motion of the molecules), potential energy of the electron cloud of the atom, and the binding energy of the nucleus all contribute to the internal energy. If a transformation takes place in one molecular weight of a substance, two things in general can occur: energy can be taken in by the substance, and work can be done. If an amount of energy, q, is taken in, and an amount of work, w, is done, the difference, q — w, must be the increase in energy of the substance during the process; this difference must be stored as internal energy, and hence the change in internal energy is: AU = q - w where AU U2 - Ux or ^final ' ' ^initial Now AU = q — w is the concise, algebraic statement of the First Law. The concepts are illustrated in Figure 7-2. >> a UJ (a) environment. final AU. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Casey, Edmund Jeremiah, 1924-. New York, Reinhold Pub. Corp
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