. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. THE FCETVS. 917 the anterior cardinal veins; and two posterior, the posterior cardinal veins. The veins of the same side unite in twos, from which result the Cuvierian ducts; these open transversely into the omphalo-mesenteric trunk close to the auricular cavity. The anterior cardinal veins issue from the cranium; they form the jugular veins, and communicate by an anastomosis that extends transversely. PLAN OF THE AORTA AND ITS ARCHES AT AN EARLY PERIOD. 1, Truncus arteriosus, with one pair of aortic arches, and dotted
. The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals. Veterinary anatomy. THE FCETVS. 917 the anterior cardinal veins; and two posterior, the posterior cardinal veins. The veins of the same side unite in twos, from which result the Cuvierian ducts; these open transversely into the omphalo-mesenteric trunk close to the auricular cavity. The anterior cardinal veins issue from the cranium; they form the jugular veins, and communicate by an anastomosis that extends transversely. PLAN OF THE AORTA AND ITS ARCHES AT AN EARLY PERIOD. 1, Truncus arteriosus, with one pair of aortic arches, and dotted lines indicating the position of the second and third pairs. 2, The same, with four pairs of aortic arches, and indications of the fifth. 3, The same, with the thi'ee posterior pairs of aortic arches, from which the permanent vessels of the embryo are developed, with dotted outlines showing the position of the two (now) obliterated anterior arches. 4, Permanent arterial trunks in their primitive form, the obliterated portions still shown in dotted outline, 1-5, Primitive aortic arches.—a, Aorta ;^, Pulmonary artery; p\ p", Branches to the lungs; aw', Koot of thoracic aorta (ad) on left side j aw, Obliterated root springing from right side ; s", s'. Subclavian artery; v. Vertebral; ax. Axillary; c. Common carotid; c'. External carotid; c". Internal carotid. from left to right. Below this anastomosis, the left vein gradually atrophies, as does the Cuvierian duct of the same side ; but the canal on the right side increases, and becomes the anterior vena cava. The 2)osterior vena cava appears behind the liver towards the fifth month; it receives the veins of the kidneys and Wolffian bodies, and, behind, it anasto- moses with the cardinal veins. The latter disappear in their middle portion, and are replaced by the vertebral veins, the right of which forms the vena azygos. There only remain the two extremities of the cardinal veins; the anterior enters the Cuvierian
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