. The cubic foot as a national log-scaling standard. Forests and forestry United States Measurement. cruised in every important timber type in this country and undoubtedly knows more about the form of trees and their taper than any other individual0 A taper of 0„5 inch in 4 feet is applicable to almost all timber types with the possible exception of old-growth southern pines, some species of hard- wood in the Mississippi delta, and some very short (stunted or open grown) second growth• Even to these a 0#5~inch taper can be applied without much inaccuracy. The old-growth southern pines (longlea
. The cubic foot as a national log-scaling standard. Forests and forestry United States Measurement. cruised in every important timber type in this country and undoubtedly knows more about the form of trees and their taper than any other individual0 A taper of 0„5 inch in 4 feet is applicable to almost all timber types with the possible exception of old-growth southern pines, some species of hard- wood in the Mississippi delta, and some very short (stunted or open grown) second growth• Even to these a 0#5~inch taper can be applied without much inaccuracy. The old-growth southern pines (longleaf, shortleaf, loblolly, and slash) usually taper at the rate of 0«4 inch in 4 feet. Some but not all of the Mississippi delta hardwoods and bottomland hardwoods in the South have a heavy taper which averages 0C6 inch in 4 feet. The short second growth referred to has 0,6-inch taper., but from a type standpoint is unimportant* It is recognized, of course, that all the logs in a tree may not have exact3y the taper presupposed by the cubic-foot rule adopted ior use0 Top logs are apt to have more taper than average and contain slightly more volume than the rule indicates. In most commercial scaling, however, the slight variations which will occur because individual logs deviate slightly from the average shape seem to be of slight importance» The Computation of Cubical Volume A careful inspection shows that the surface lines lengthwise of a log are not perfectly straight but usually slightly curved „ In the majority of logs the curving shows convexity and the shape of the entire log is comparable to that of a frustum of a paraboloid, illustrated in figure ?• Such being the case^ the cubical volume of logs can be computed by use of the SmaHan formula, which gives the volume of the frustum of a paraboloid based on its length and end arease The formula reads? V s A f where "V" is the volume, "A" the area of the large end,, "a" the "~2~"
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