. The elements of railroad engineering . to the RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION. 909 direction of the current, C D shows a section of the crib,and E the foot of the embankment which slopes away at thenatural slope of earth, viz., \\ to 1. A plan of the cribis shown at F and the foot of the embankment by the brokenline G H. A detail of a joint is shown at K. The log Z,corresponding to r s in the elevation, is called a ranger;and the log M, corresponding to C D in the section, is calleda cross-tie or tie. At each joint a drift bolt, usually apiece of f-inch round iron sharpened at one end, is driven tofas
. The elements of railroad engineering . to the RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION. 909 direction of the current, C D shows a section of the crib,and E the foot of the embankment which slopes away at thenatural slope of earth, viz., \\ to 1. A plan of the cribis shown at F and the foot of the embankment by the brokenline G H. A detail of a joint is shown at K. The log Z,corresponding to r s in the elevation, is called a ranger;and the log M, corresponding to C D in the section, is calleda cross-tie or tie. At each joint a drift bolt, usually apiece of f-inch round iron sharpened at one end, is driven tofasten the logs together. The bolt should be of sufHcientlength to pass through three logs. A hole of slightlyless diameter than the bolt is bored to receive the bolt. Acompartment filled with stone is shown at O. 1536. Paving.—Paving as applied to protection workconsists of a stone covering laid on the surface of embank-ments where they are exposed to the action of water. Thepaving is usually 12 inches in depth and composed of good-JL o. Fig. stone of fairly regular shape and even beds, the bedsbeing laid perpendicular to the slope of the embankment,and when finished the whole to present a fairly uniform sur-face. The slope of the embankment should be smoothed andwell rammed before the paving is laid. A foundation course of heavy stones A, Fig. 458, is laidat the foot of the embankment in a pit from 12 to 18 inchesin depth, depending upon the nature of the soil. When thestream has a rocky bed the foundation course is laid 970 RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION. upon the surface. The profile of the surface of theground is shown by the irregular line B C; the earthembankment by I): the bed of the stream by A F; the sur-face of low water by G //, and of high water by L elevation of the protected surface is shown at K, withthe joints of the stones well broken. The grade of theroadway is indicated by the line N O. ROUTIXE WORK. 1537. Routine Work of the Engineer Corps.— The ini
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectrailroadengineering
