. The commercial apple industry of North America. uncommon, although this disease is moreor less prevalent throughout the Piedmont district. In theShenandoah-Cumberland region of Virginia, West Vir-ginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, the pine mouse hasbeen a most destructive orchard pest in recent has also been very destructive and has pre-cipitated a campaign for the eradication of cedar trees inthe vicinity of orchard plantings. Root-rot is proving tobe one of the most destructive of all orchard diseases inthese four states and as yet there is no recognized meansof control. Th
. The commercial apple industry of North America. uncommon, although this disease is moreor less prevalent throughout the Piedmont district. In theShenandoah-Cumberland region of Virginia, West Vir-ginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, the pine mouse hasbeen a most destructive orchard pest in recent has also been very destructive and has pre-cipitated a campaign for the eradication of cedar trees inthe vicinity of orchard plantings. Root-rot is proving tobe one of the most destructive of all orchard diseases inthese four states and as yet there is no recognized meansof control. The Middle West.— Throughout the Middle West theapple-blotch is the most serious disease affecting the fruitand the blister-canker, sometimes known as the Illinoisblister-canker, is the most injurious to the trees, particu-larly those of the Ben Davis variety. Apple-scab is pre-valent in favorable years, while bitter-rot is often seriousin the Ozarks, southern Illinois and southern Indiana. Western boxed-apple region.— The most serious pest in. Plate XIV.—The Woolly Aphis. Upper, Ground colonies ofthe woolly aphis. Lower, Apple roots distorted and injured bythe woolly aphis. Diseases and Pests of the Apple and Their Control 335 the western orchard section is unquestionably the codlin-moth. The dry arid climate in nearly all the irrigatedsections seems particularly favorable to its long hot seasons increase the number of broods andseem to stimulate the activities of this pest. Fprthermore,the close grading of the fruit emphasizes the loss fromworm injury. Eastern growers are justified in feelingthat they have worked out a satisfactory spray programagainst codlin-moth and are inclined to believe that thewestern grower is deficient in his spraying methods for con-trolling this insect. Yet in many instances growers onthe western slope of Colorado and the Yakima Valley,Washington, have found it difficult to avoid excessive cod-lin-moth loss even after spraying mu
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