. Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biology; Zoology. 62 J. Haffer Bonn. zool. Fig. 2: Sonagrams of vocalizations by the Rufous-winged Ground-Cuckoo (Neo- morphus rutipennis). Left — two bill snaps. Right — call whóu. Rio Grande, east of El Palmar, northeastern Dep. Bolivar, southern Venezuela. Recordings and sonagrams (wide band) by Paul Schwartz. ernmost Brazil. The throat color varies in specimens from the range of N. rutipennis from ashy white to dark gray. I agree with Phelps & Phelps (1958: 153) who s
. Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biology; Zoology. 62 J. Haffer Bonn. zool. Fig. 2: Sonagrams of vocalizations by the Rufous-winged Ground-Cuckoo (Neo- morphus rutipennis). Left — two bill snaps. Right — call whóu. Rio Grande, east of El Palmar, northeastern Dep. Bolivar, southern Venezuela. Recordings and sonagrams (wide band) by Paul Schwartz. ernmost Brazil. The throat color varies in specimens from the range of N. rutipennis from ashy white to dark gray. I agree with Phelps & Phelps (1958: 153) who synonymized N. nigroguiaris with N. rutipennis. Peters (1940) had considered them as valid geographical subspecies. Distribution. — Restricted to the highlands of southern Venezuela and western Guyana, where it inhabits the foothill zone of the mountains (200—1000 m); also found around Mt. Arimani in the upper Rio Branco Valley, Dep. Roraima, northern Brazil. Individual records are listed below (Phelps et al. 1958, Snyder 1966): Venezuela: Nuria; Rio Grande (east of El Palmar, Dep. Bolivar; P. Schwartz, pers. comm.); Kabanayén; Cerro Auyántepui; Caño Antabari; Suapure; "lower Caura River"; Cerro El Negro; Caño Cataniapo; Caño Cuao; Las Carmelitas; Mt. Duida. Guyana: Ituribisi River; Supenaam River; Mazaruni River; Kamakusa; Amai; Bartica, Cuyuni River (BMNH); Arawai River (BMNH); "Demerara" (BMNH). Brazil: Mt. Arimaní (upper Rio Branco; Pelzeln 1871). Species limits. — Neomorphus rutipennis is restricted to the forests of the mountainous region of interior northern South America. Since this species does not enter the adjoining Amazonian lowland forests, it did not establish contact with other ground-cuckoos. A poten- tial contact zone between N. rutipennis and N. pucheranii exists in the upper Rio Negro region, although no specimens are available from that area. A wide gap separates N. rutipennis and N. geottroyi, the latter species being he
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