. Plant propagation; greenhouse and nursery practice. -tice i)crmits, a stock is better for having been transplanted beforebuclding or grafting. 232. Pedigreed trees.—The selection of stocks leads straight tothe center of another problem. We hear much about the in- 184 PLANT rROPAGATION (lividualily nf nrclianl trees and the necessity of propagating froi ]individuals having the ))esl characters. The speaker does not hc-hevc in pedigreed trees, fnuHng but Httle in either theory or factto sul)stantiate the chiim of those who beheve they can improvevarieties by bud selection. The multitude of tre
. Plant propagation; greenhouse and nursery practice. -tice i)crmits, a stock is better for having been transplanted beforebuclding or grafting. 232. Pedigreed trees.—The selection of stocks leads straight tothe center of another problem. We hear much about the in- 184 PLANT rROPAGATION (lividualily nf nrclianl trees and the necessity of propagating froi ]individuals having the ))esl characters. The speaker does not hc-hevc in pedigreed trees, fnuHng but Httle in either theory or factto sul)stantiate the chiim of those who beheve they can improvevarieties by bud selection. The multitude of trees in any variety,all from one seed, it seems paradoxical to say, are morphologicallyone individual. A plant variety propagated by buds is essentiallycomplete in its heredity. How, then, can the difference betweenindividual plants in every orchard be explained? Ample explanation is found in nurture without invoking achange in nature. Soil, sunlight, moisture, insects, disease—and,more than any of these, the stock—give every individual plant an. FIG. 156—HAND METHOD OF PLANTING NURSERY STOCKTwo men work to better advantage than one alone. environment of its own from which come characters which appearand disappear with the individual. Thus, it is believed, we canbend a variety by means of a stock, but not that we can permanentlymold it into any new form given it by a stock. Let go the force,whatever it may be, which bends the variety and it snaps back intoits same old self. 233. Necessity for stock breeding.—In the coming refinement offruit growing we must breed st(Kd<s as we now do varieties theysupport. The stocks of all tree fruits are supposed to be seedlingsof cultivated varieties. Yet only a cursory investigation at homeor abroad shows that seed frotn cider presses and stone fruit pitsfrom canneries are commonly used in growing nursery present methods it is mere chance as to whether one getsa tree on a good, or a bad plant on any stock. Would it no
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