. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. CONTRACTILE CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN CRINOIDS ABORAL Aboral ligament fulcrum oral ligament muscle. (8). Such tissues can change their stiffness under nervous control and thus serve to lock extremities in given posi- tions over a long time (10). In crinoids, such connective tissues were found in the cirri (3, 7) and in the stalk (11). The arm ligaments go one step further: they not only change passive stiffness, but also develop active contrac- tile forces under nervous control. In summary, arms can be locked in any position by t
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. CONTRACTILE CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN CRINOIDS ABORAL Aboral ligament fulcrum oral ligament muscle. (8). Such tissues can change their stiffness under nervous control and thus serve to lock extremities in given posi- tions over a long time (10). In crinoids, such connective tissues were found in the cirri (3, 7) and in the stalk (11). The arm ligaments go one step further: they not only change passive stiffness, but also develop active contrac- tile forces under nervous control. In summary, arms can be locked in any position by the catch mechanism of the ligaments. Movement can occur when the ligaments soften: then the arms can be moved orally by muscles, and aborally by a ligament that combines elastic proper- ties with the ability to contract actively. Observations on the cirri of sea lilies corroborate the hypothesis of contractile connective tissue. We have con- nected the proximal end of freshly dissected cirri to a ORAL 80. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass. ); Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass. ). Annual report 1907/08-1952; Lillie, Frank Rattray, 1870-1947; Moore, Carl Richard, 1892-; Redfield, Alfred Clarence, 1890-1983. Woods Hole, Mass. : Marine Biological Laboratory
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
