. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. 2 6C AVES. ment they quit the shell (Aves pracoces); while in others the young are excluded feeble, naked, and blind, and dependent on their pa- rents for support (Aves altrices). SCOPOLI, in his ' Introduction to Natural History,' published in 1777, proposed a dicho- tomous systematic distribution of Birds, found- ed on the form of the scales covering the tarsus. The species which have these scales small and polygonal are the Retepedes of this author; those which have the legs covered anteriorly with unequal semicircula
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. 2 6C AVES. ment they quit the shell (Aves pracoces); while in others the young are excluded feeble, naked, and blind, and dependent on their pa- rents for support (Aves altrices). SCOPOLI, in his ' Introduction to Natural History,' published in 1777, proposed a dicho- tomous systematic distribution of Birds, found- ed on the form of the scales covering the tarsus. The species which have these scales small and polygonal are the Retepedes of this author; those which have the legs covered anteriorly with unequal semicircular plates are the Scutipedes. NITZSCH,* the celebrated professor of natural history at Halle, has synthetically grouped to- gether the feathered tribes under three grand orders, according to the great divisions of the terraqueous globe which form the principal theatres of their The first order con- sists of the birds of the air par excellence, Aves aercte (Luft-vogeln); the second order em- braces the birds of the earth, Aves terrestres (Erd-vijgeln) ; the third great division includes the birds which frequent the waters, Aves aqua- tics (Wasser-vogeln). The Eagle and the Sparrow may be named as examples of the first; the Ostrich and the common fowl of the second; the Heron and the Gull of the third of these extensive divisions. A more definite arrangement of Birds, in which a similar principle may be traced, has been proposed by a distinguished naturalist of our own country, Mr. VIGORS. He divides the class Aves inlojive orders. The first includes the birds which soar in the upper regions of the air, which build their nests and rear their young on the highest rocks and loftiest trees, and which may be regarded as the typical species of Nitzsch's Aerial Birds; this order is termed Raptorcs, from the rapacious habits and animal food of the species so grouped to- gether. The second order affects the lower regions of the air ; the birds composing it are peculiarly arbore
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