. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. RANUNCULACEAE 23 8. Syritta pipiensZ., po-dvg. and skg. (Kn.,Kiel, ). C. Hymenoptera. Apidae: 9. Apis mellifica L. 5, skg. and po-cltg. (Kn., Kiel); 10. Halictus cylindricus F. 5, po-cltg. (H. M.); II. H. flavipes F. 5, po-cltg. (H. M.). D. Lepidoptera: 12. Coenonympha pamphilus Z., skg. (H. M.). Alfken and Hoppner observed—at Bremen—the small bee Dufourea vulgaris Schenck 5 and $, skg., freq. H. de Vries (Ned. Kruidk. Arch., Nijmegen, 2. ser., 2. deal,
. Handbook of flower pollination : based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' . Fertilization of plants. RANUNCULACEAE 23 8. Syritta pipiensZ., po-dvg. and skg. (Kn.,Kiel, ). C. Hymenoptera. Apidae: 9. Apis mellifica L. 5, skg. and po-cltg. (Kn., Kiel); 10. Halictus cylindricus F. 5, po-cltg. (H. M.); II. H. flavipes F. 5, po-cltg. (H. M.). D. Lepidoptera: 12. Coenonympha pamphilus Z., skg. (H. M.). Alfken and Hoppner observed—at Bremen—the small bee Dufourea vulgaris Schenck 5 and $, skg., freq. H. de Vries (Ned. Kruidk. Arch., Nijmegen, 2. ser., 2. deal, 1875), observed in the Netherlands a bee, Trachusa serratulae Pz. MacLeod—in Flanders — saw a short-tongued bee, 3 hover-flies, and a Muscid (Bot. Jaarb. Dodonaea, Ghent, vi, 1894, pp. 175-6). In Dumfriesshire (Scott-Elliot, ' Flora of Dumfriesshire,' p. 4) Muscidae and various hover-flies have been Fig. 8. Ranunculus Fiammula, L. (after Herm. Miiller). i. Flower just opening: the anthers of some of the mar^^inal stamens have dehisced. 2. Flower in the first (male) condition : all the anthers have dehisced; the stig;mas are still immature. 3. Flower in the second (hermaphrodite) condition : the stigmas are fully mature, some of the anthers are still covered with pollen, a, immature stamens; b, anthers about to dehisce; f, stamens with dehisced anthers; d^ stamens with empty anthers; e, carpel. 58-60. R. acris L., R, repens L., and R. bulbosus L.—Herm. Miiller ('Fertilisation,' pp. 76-7) states that these agree with R. Flammula in the structure of their flowers, but receive more insect-visits owing to their greater conspicuousness. The visitors are chiefly pollen-loving hover-flies (Syrphidae), which are attracted by the bright blossoms and easily find the half-concealed nectar. Other frequent guests are small bees, especially species of Halictus, which readily collect the abundant pollen with their tarsal brushes, and with their moderately short proboscides
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