. Elementary textbook of economic zoology and entomology. Zoology; Insect pests. THE CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS 171 of the chewing and crushing biting common to beetles, grass- hoppers and other insects with jaw-like mandibles, some, as the mosquito, have elongate mandibles, slender and sharp- pointed, so that they act as lacerating needles to make punc- tures in the flesh of animals or tissues of plants. Most flies, however, have no piercing beak, but, like the house-fly, lap up liquid food with a curious folding fleshy proboscis which is the highly modified labium or under lip. They feed on f
. Elementary textbook of economic zoology and entomology. Zoology; Insect pests. THE CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS 171 of the chewing and crushing biting common to beetles, grass- hoppers and other insects with jaw-like mandibles, some, as the mosquito, have elongate mandibles, slender and sharp- pointed, so that they act as lacerating needles to make punc- tures in the flesh of animals or tissues of plants. Most flies, however, have no piercing beak, but, like the house-fly, lap up liquid food with a curious folding fleshy proboscis which is the highly modified labium or under lip. They feed on flower nectar or any exposed sweetish liquid, or on the juices of decaying animal or plant FIG. 81— Horse-fly, Tabanus punctifcr. (About i| natural size.) All the Diptera have a complete metamorphosis, the young hatching from the eggs as footless and even headless larvae (maggots, grubs), usually soft and white, and in many cases taking food osmotically through the skin. Larvae of different kinds of flies live under a great variety of conditions; some in water, some in the soft tissue of living plants or decaying fungi, some in the flesh of live animals or in carrion, some underground, feeding on plant roots. The pupae of the more specialized flies are concealed in the thickened and darkened last larval molt, the whole puparium or chrysalid looking much like an elliptical brown seed. In some. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Kellogg, Vernon L. (Vernon Lyman), 1867-1937; Doane, Rennie Wilbur, 1871-. New York, H. Holt and company
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