The English village community, examined in its relations to the manorial and tribal systems and to the common or open field system of husbandry; an essay in economic history . ross the muddy shore of the Severn struc-tures which at a distance look like breakwaters ; buton nearer inspection he will find them to be built upof rows two or three deep of long tapering basketsarranged between upright stakes at regular baskets are called putts or butts or kypes, andare made of long rods wattled together by smallerones, with a wide mouth, and gradually taperingalmost to a point at the
The English village community, examined in its relations to the manorial and tribal systems and to the common or open field system of husbandry; an essay in economic history . ross the muddy shore of the Severn struc-tures which at a distance look like breakwaters ; buton nearer inspection he will find them to be built upof rows two or three deep of long tapering basketsarranged between upright stakes at regular baskets are called putts or butts or kypes, andare made of long rods wattled together by smallerones, with a wide mouth, and gradually taperingalmost to a point at the smaller or butt end. Theseputts are placed in groups of six or nine betweeneach pair of stakes, with their mouths set against theoutrunning stream; and each group of them be-tween its two stakes is called a puttcher. Theword puttcher can hardly be other than a rapidlypronounced putts weir, a weir made of putts. Ifthe baskets had been called cyts instead of putts,the group would be a cytweir. So, , the thirtycytweras at Street would represent a breakwater suchas may be seen there now, consisting of as many putt-chers. This use of what may be called basket weirs. Manor of King Edwy. 153 IS peculiar to the Wye and the Severn, and has been GnKP^ to meet the diificulty presented by the un-usual volume and rapidity of the tidal current. Then as to the hcecweras there is nothing unusual H« the use of barriers or fences of wattle, or, as it isstill called, hackle, to produce an eddy, or to entrapthe fish. Thus a statute (1 Geo. I. c. 18, s. 14)relating to the fisheries on the Severn and the Wyeuses the following words : If any person shall make, erect, or set any bank, dam, hedge, stank, or net across the same, &c. These wattled hedges or hackle-weirs are some-times used to guide the fish into the puttchers, butgenerally in the same way as more permanent struc-tures on the Wye, now called cribs, to make an eddyin which the fish are caught from a boat in what
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