. American engineer and railroad journal . the main point of support is too close to thecentre of gravity. It is clear, however, that the larger thenumber of aeroplane surfaces in an apparatus, at proper dis-tances, the greater will be its stability, and 1 have designed afurther Improvement in which I have used four carrying sur-faces. In the case of several wing surfaces, thus arranged onebehind the other, they must be separated by at least the widthof a wing, and each wing must be slightly lower than thewing in front of it. They must all be attached parallel to thepropeller axis—that is, at
. American engineer and railroad journal . the main point of support is too close to thecentre of gravity. It is clear, however, that the larger thenumber of aeroplane surfaces in an apparatus, at proper dis-tances, the greater will be its stability, and 1 have designed afurther Improvement in which I have used four carrying sur-faces. In the case of several wing surfaces, thus arranged onebehind the other, they must be separated by at least the widthof a wing, and each wing must be slightly lower than thewing in front of it. They must all be attached parallel to thepropeller axis—that is, at an angle of 0, as shown in fig. 2. The centre of gravity of the whole apparatus must alwaysbe well toward the front, and when the machine is not inmotion, the centre of gravity must never coincide with thecentre of pressure on the wing surface. As the centre ofpressure is variable, and tends to move forward when thevelocity of the apparatus increases, the position of the centreof gravity must be arranged, in designing the apparatus, for. FIG. 3 an average speed of motion. As the centre of gravity undervariations of speed will never have quite the same relativeposition to the centre of pressure, there will be produced oscil-lations of the apparatus, but these oscillations will be gentleand harmless, and can easily be checked by the horizontalrudder 0. In any case it is not advisable, during flight, to change theposition of the centre of gravity or the inclination of the mainwing surfaces. Any desired upward or downward directioncan be obtained in the best and safest manner by means of thehorizontal rudder. Before attacking the more important question— Holedoes the aeroplane maintain its equilibrium in changing velocitiesof the wind— , during wind gusts? let us first consider theflight of the machine in calm air, or in a steady current ofwind. In a perfect calm rising up from the ground is most diffi-cult, and in such a case the aeroplane must be put under wayin a s
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectrailroadengineering
