The science and art of surgery : being a treatise on surgical injuries, diseases, and operations . fects a corresponding outline. Calculi containing two or three nuclei have sometimes been found, con-sisting probably of an equal number of concretions agglomerated to-gether. A foreign body occasionally takes the place of a nucleus. The body of a calculus having the uric acid nucleus is usually com-posed of some of the lithates; but not unfrequentl_ythese are incrusted by a deposit of phosphates. Inother instances, the body may be wholly composed ofsome of the earthy phosphates, which more rarel
The science and art of surgery : being a treatise on surgical injuries, diseases, and operations . fects a corresponding outline. Calculi containing two or three nuclei have sometimes been found, con-sisting probably of an equal number of concretions agglomerated to-gether. A foreign body occasionally takes the place of a nucleus. The body of a calculus having the uric acid nucleus is usually com-posed of some of the lithates; but not unfrequentl_ythese are incrusted by a deposit of phosphates. Inother instances, the body may be wholly composed ofsome of the earthy phosphates, which more rareljalter-nate with the oxalate of lime or the triple phosphates. An oxalate of lime nucleus usually has a body ofthe same constitution ; but in some cases it is in-crusted by phosphates or urates (Fig, 719). Whenthe interior is phosphatic, the concretion is always ofthe same constitution. ^ ^^- ^^-Section of fTM 1. • . ,1 -i- i> 1 J Oxalate of Lime Cal- ihe alterations in the composition or a calculus are ^^^^^ incrusted withdue to varying conditions of the general health, and 726 URINARY CALCULUS. consequently of the character and constituents of tite urine, and of thestate of the lining raemhrane of the bladder. The uric acid and oxalateof lime nuclei and layers are undoubtedly due to constitutional phosphatic laminse, Avhether interposed between the uric acid or in-crusting the calculus, are probably chiefly dependent on vesical irritationand decomposition of the urine, consequent on the presence in the blad-der of the uric acid or oxalate of lime nucleus which has been previouslyformed. Origin.—Calculi may be formed either in tlie kidneys or in the that contain nuclei of the urates or oxalates are probably renalin their origin; whilst those that have a phospliatic nucleus are usuallyvesical from the first; renal nuclei of this coraposition being rarely metwith. All renal calculi, all those vesical calculi that have a renal origin,
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