. On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . tures are contracted by the muscles, q, q, and di-lated by others passing obliquely from above to their front boun-daries. The muscular invest-ment of the branchial chamberof the Torpedo fig. 139, r, re-ceives a fasciculus from thescapula, and sends another,ib. o, forwards to the cra-nium, from which thestricter of the electrictery, E, is scapula inSkate and Torpedo is of con-siderable length, in conse-quence of the backward dis-placement of the scapulararch, and is of great strength,by reason of the enormouspectoral
. On the anatomy of vertebrates [electronic resource] . tures are contracted by the muscles, q, q, and di-lated by others passing obliquely from above to their front boun-daries. The muscular invest-ment of the branchial chamberof the Torpedo fig. 139, r, re-ceives a fasciculus from thescapula, and sends another,ib. o, forwards to the cra-nium, from which thestricter of the electrictery, E, is scapula inSkate and Torpedo is of con-siderable length, in conse-quence of the backward dis-placement of the scapulararch, and is of great strength,by reason of the enormouspectoral appendage whichthe arch sustains. The myo-commas of the trunk arefused into four great longitu-dinal masses. The neuro-medial mass, fig. 139, a,arises from the scapula, s, and by strong carneous fasciculifrom the vertebras behind the scapular attachment: above thepelvis they divide into tendinous slips, which pass backwardin separate sheaths, to be successively inserted into each vertebraas far as the end of the tail. The neuro-lateral mass or muscle,. Muscles and electric batteries of the Torpedo. XLIII. 214 ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. ib. c, arising from the outer part of the scapula and from theparapophyses of succeeding vertebrae, is inserted by similarlydisposed, but more slender tendons. At their termination, eachtendon bifurcates, allowing that appropriated to the succeedingvertebra to pass through it, so that all, save the last, are bothperforati and perforantes. The protractor scapula, ib. i, be-comes, when antagonised by the two foregoing muscles, thechief elevator of the head. Of the two muscles of the ros-trum in the Ray, the superior, levator rostri, arises from thescapula by a short fleshy belly ending in a slender round tendonwhich runs above the branchiae in a synovial sheath to the rostralcartilage, which it serves to raise: the inferior, depressor rostri,arises from the lower part of the coalesced anterior vertebrae, runsobliquely outward, and then curves inward t
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