The encyclopædia britannica; a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information . ryday dressof senators, instead of the mihtary chlamys, the toga beingreserved for state occasions. This was the origin of theprincipal litxirgical vestment,the chasuble {). As late as the 6th centurythese garments were commonboth to the dergy and laity, and,so far as their character wasconcerned, were used both inthe Hturgy and in everydaylife. MeanwhOe, however, acertain development had takenplace. By the 4th centurythe garments worn at liturgicalfunctions had been separatedfrom those in ord
The encyclopædia britannica; a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information . ryday dressof senators, instead of the mihtary chlamys, the toga beingreserved for state occasions. This was the origin of theprincipal litxirgical vestment,the chasuble {). As late as the 6th centurythese garments were commonboth to the dergy and laity, and,so far as their character wasconcerned, were used both inthe Hturgy and in everydaylife. MeanwhOe, however, acertain development had takenplace. By the 4th centurythe garments worn at liturgicalfunctions had been separatedfrom those in ordinary use,though still identical in. is in the 4th centur>, too,that the first distinctive vest-ment makes its appearance*, theC)uo4>opijov worn by all bishops inthe East; in the 5th centurywe find this lu use at Romeunder the name of pallium {).,as the- distinctive ornament ofthe pope (see fig. i). Aboutthe same time the orarium, orstole {), becomes fixed inliturgical use. The main development and definition of theecdesiastical vestments, however, took place between the. Fig. I.—Pope Honorius (). From a mosaic inS. Agnese in Rome. 6ih and the 9th centuries. The secular fashions altered v/ithchanges of taste; but the Church retained the dress with theother traditions of the Roman Empire. At Rome, especially,where the popes had succeeded to a share of the power andpretensions of the Caesars of the West, the accumulation ofecclesiastical vestments symboUzcd a very special dignity: inthe second quarter of the 9th century the pope, when fullyvested, wore a caniista girdled, an alb {linca) girdled, an amice{anagolaium), a tunicle {dalmalica tninor), a dalmatic (dahnalicamajor), stole (orarium), chasuble (plancla) and pallium. Withthe exception of the paUium, this was also the costume ofthe Roman deacons. By this time, moreover, the liturgicalcharacter of the vestments was so completely established thatthey were no longer worn instead of, but over, the o
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