. Agriculture of New York : comprising an account of the classification, composition and distribution of the soils and rocks ... together with a condensed view of the climate and the agricultural productions of the state. Agriculture; Soils; Fruit-culture. SPRINGS FROM THE DIVISION. 131 n passes. Those which merely pass through sandstone retain the purity almost of rain water ; while those which pass through limestones are invariably impure, or hard waters, as they are termed. The water of the springs which issue from the Potsdam sandstone, is soft, or very rarely so highly charged
. Agriculture of New York : comprising an account of the classification, composition and distribution of the soils and rocks ... together with a condensed view of the climate and the agricultural productions of the state. Agriculture; Soils; Fruit-culture. SPRINGS FROM THE DIVISION. 131 n passes. Those which merely pass through sandstone retain the purity almost of rain water ; while those which pass through limestones are invariably impure, or hard waters, as they are termed. The water of the springs which issue from the Potsdam sandstone, is soft, or very rarely so highly charged that it will not wash well. The waters issuing from the slates of the Hudson river are more or less charged with saline matters ; and what is worthy of remark, is, that they furnish many chalybeate and sulphur springs, or springs whose waters contain hydro-sulphurous acid in solution. They are mostly weak, and of but little medicinal value. The most interesting and important springs, however, issue from the Calciferous sand- stone. It is this rock, for instance, which gives origin to the celebrated Congress spring of Saratoga. This fact was proved two years since, when the spring was retubed. On care- fully removing the deposit at the bottom of the spring, the water was found to issue from a small hole or fissure in this rock. It is of course impossible to trace the water farther ; but this shows that it is not from the clay which fills the valley, nor from the Hudson- river rocks or slate of the Trenton limestone. It is not my purpose to attempt to give a detailed account of the springs of this celebrated locality ; inasmuch as in the report of Dr. Beck, all the most important facts are embodied, and may be consulted by the reader. Some independent observations, however, were made by myself in the summer of 1844, which may be found of some interest. These springs issue from near a fracture in the lower rocks of the Champlain division. The geological structure of the valley may
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