. Diptera Danica: genera and species of flies hitherto found in Denmark. Diptera. 286 Orthorrhapha brachycera. are two (pairs of) short, brown teeth, one above the other, and the apex of the sheath is bent out and free (perhaps not natural); the thorax has some short bristles above, and at its front margin there are two very long, pointed spiracular tubes, almost as long as the pupa; the abdominal segments, except the first, have girdles of short, brown spines above; the last segment has two somewhat larger spines above, and two curved spines below. — The pupae were found at the shore, and res
. Diptera Danica: genera and species of flies hitherto found in Denmark. Diptera. 286 Orthorrhapha brachycera. are two (pairs of) short, brown teeth, one above the other, and the apex of the sheath is bent out and free (perhaps not natural); the thorax has some short bristles above, and at its front margin there are two very long, pointed spiracular tubes, almost as long as the pupa; the abdominal segments, except the first, have girdles of short, brown spines above; the last segment has two somewhat larger spines above, and two curved spines below. — The pupae were found at the shore, and rested in cocoons formed of sand and clay; the author says that the cocoon was smooth on the inside, no doubt there has been a film as described under iJolichopus. The pupae were found on ^-'/G and developed soon after. The pupa is further mentioned by Brown (Entomologist VII, 1874, 207) and Smith (Proc. Entom. Soc. London, 1874, p. XIX), but these papers I have not seen. The species of Machaerium occur exclusively at shores. Of the genus three species are known; one occurs in Denmark. 1. M. maritimae Hal. 1831. Hal. Zoo). Journ. V, (1835), 352, 1, PI. XV, figs. 11—12. — 1850. Loew, Stelt. ent. Zeitg. XI, 110, 13, Tab. I, Fig. 25 (Rhaphium). — 1903. Kat. palaarkt. Dipt. 11, 334. Male. Vertex and frons green. Epistoma broad, widening down- wards, silvery whitish grey; palpi large, of the same colour. Occiput green, a little greyish pruinose; postocular hairs black above, yellowish below. Antennae black, long, about twice as long as the head; the. Fig. 89. Antenna of M. maritimae c?. X 50. basal joints short, the third very long, thick at the base but excised below so that the long apical part is thin; the arista much shorter than the third joint. Thorax bright green or more golden green, with two more golden or aeneous stripes in the middle; it is somewhat greyish pruinose, not much shining. Pleura green, slightly greyish pruinose; propleura with pale hairs above, and with
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