An old engraving of a Victorian calendaring machine. It is from a mechanical engineering book of the 1880s. A calender is a series of hard pressure rollers used to finish or smooth a sheet of material such as paper, textiles and rubber. Here a patterned fabric or paper is being run through the machine’s revolving rollers. Pressure between the rollers could be adjusted by means of the two handles (top). Some calender rollers can also be heated or cooled. In 1836 American Edwin M Chaffee, of the Roxbury India Rubber Company, patented a four-roll calender to make rubber sheet.
An old engraving of a Victorian calendaring machine. It is from a mechanical engineering book of the 1880s. A calender is a series of hard pressure rollers used to finish or smooth a sheet of material such as paper, textiles and rubber. Here a patterned fabric or paper is being run through the machine’s revolving rollers. Pressure between the rollers could be adjusted by means of the two handles (top). Some calender rollers can also be heated or cooled. In 1836 American Edwin M Chaffee, of the Roxbury India Rubber Company, patented a four-roll calender to make rubber sheet. Chaffee worked with Charles Goodyear to ‘produce a sheet of rubber laminated to a fabric base’.
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Photo credit: © M&N / Alamy / Afripics
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