. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. FUNNELS MADE ABOVE GROUND. The natural history and trausformatious of the species have been de- scribed in the standard works of both Harris and Fitch, and in this connection I will merely mention a few facts not recorded by these au- thors. Mr. S. S. Rathvon, of Lancaster, Pa., who has himself witnessed four of their periodical visits, at intervals of seventeen years, discovered the following very ingenious provision which the pupa' (Fig. 2, a) made, in ISGS, in localities that were low or tlat, and in which the
. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. FUNNELS MADE ABOVE GROUND. The natural history and trausformatious of the species have been de- scribed in the standard works of both Harris and Fitch, and in this connection I will merely mention a few facts not recorded by these au- thors. Mr. S. S. Rathvon, of Lancaster, Pa., who has himself witnessed four of their periodical visits, at intervals of seventeen years, discovered the following very ingenious provision which the pupa' (Fig. 2, a) made, in ISGS, in localities that were low or tlat, and in which the drain- age was imperfect. He says: " We had a series of heavy rains here about the time of their tirst appearance, aiid in such places and under such circumstances the pupie would continue their galleries from 4: to 6 inches above ground (Fig. 3, a full view, b sectional view), leaving an orifice of egress even with the surface (Fig. 3, e). In the upper end of these chambers the pupse would be found awaiting their approaching time of change (Fig. 3, c). They would then back down to below the level of the earth, as at d, and issuing forth from the orifice, would attach themselves to the first object at hand and undergo their transformations in the usu- al ; Mr. Rathvon kind- ly furnished me with one of these elevated chambers, from which the accompanying drawings were made. It measured about 4 inches in length, with a diameter on the inside of five-eighths of an inch, and on the outside of about 1:^ inches. It was slightly bent at the top and sufficiently hard to carry through the mail without breaking. The inside was roughened with the imprints of the spines with which the fore legs of the builder are armed. In a field that was being plowed near Saint Louis, about the time of their ascent, 1 found that single, straight or bent, chambers were the most common, though there were sometimes several branching near the surface from a main chamber below, each of the b
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