. Botany of the living plant. Botany. 546 BOTANY OF THE LIVING PLANT It is important as a basis for judgment of the results of milling to know by analysis the distribution of the constituent substances in the. Fig. 447. Part of a section of a grain of Wheat. />= pericarp; ^= seed-coat, internal to which is the endosperm ; «/= aleurone grains ; a;» = starch grains; «= nucleus. ( X 240.) (After Strasburger.) Wheat-Grain. This is shown by the subjoined table, taken from Dr. Hutcheson's book on Food : Wheat. Nitro- Water. genous substances. Digestible Fats. , carbo- , hydrates. Cellulose and li
. Botany of the living plant. Botany. 546 BOTANY OF THE LIVING PLANT It is important as a basis for judgment of the results of milling to know by analysis the distribution of the constituent substances in the. Fig. 447. Part of a section of a grain of Wheat. />= pericarp; ^= seed-coat, internal to which is the endosperm ; «/= aleurone grains ; a;» = starch grains; «= nucleus. ( X 240.) (After Strasburger.) Wheat-Grain. This is shown by the subjoined table, taken from Dr. Hutcheson's book on Food : Wheat. Nitro- Water. genous substances. Digestible Fats. , carbo- , hydrates. Cellulose and lignin. Ash. Whole Grain, 100% Bran, 13-5% - Endosperm, 85% - Germ, 1-5% - 14-5 12-5 13-0 12-5 II-O 16-4 IO-5 357 1-2 3-5 0-8 13-1 1 69-0 j 2-6 43-6 i8-o 74-3 07 31-2 1-8 17 6-0 07 57 A large portion of the grain (85 per cent.) is endosperm ; the bran amounts to 13-5 per cent., and the germ only to 1-5 per cent. The latter is, however, important, for it contains a high proportion of proteids, of fats, and of ash. Since the germ flattens in roller- milling, it can be sifted out. The highly nitrogenous and fatty body thus extracted may then be added to ordinary flour in varying proportions, giving different kinds of germ-bread. Bran is charac- terised by its large proportion of cellulose and lignin (18 per cent.), which is indigestible by man, but more available for herbivorous animals. There is in it, however, a large quantity of nitrogenous substance, owing to the adherence of the aleurone-layer of the endosperm to the flaky scales of the fruit-coat; the silica in the latter accounts for the large percentage of ash in bran (6 per cent.). Thus bran contains an undue proportion of proteids in which the grain as a whole is deficient. Its value in bran-mash for horses is therefore easily understood. The. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may n
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