. The American fruit culturist, containing directions for the propagation and culture of all fruits adapted to the United States. Fruit-culture. 498 THE PEAR. grow large and fine specimens of fruit by strong exposure to the sun. The mode may be briefly understood by the accom- panying figure representing a partly grown tree (Fig. 638). As the tree advances, shoots will be produced from the sides of the horizontal arms; these must be stopped or pinched off early in summer, to prevent their drawing too hard on the rest of the tree, and a similar course pursued with them to that. Fig. 638.—Horizo
. The American fruit culturist, containing directions for the propagation and culture of all fruits adapted to the United States. Fruit-culture. 498 THE PEAR. grow large and fine specimens of fruit by strong exposure to the sun. The mode may be briefly understood by the accom- panying figure representing a partly grown tree (Fig. 638). As the tree advances, shoots will be produced from the sides of the horizontal arms; these must be stopped or pinched off early in summer, to prevent their drawing too hard on the rest of the tree, and a similar course pursued with them to that. Fig. 638.—HorizontHl Training of Pear-Trees. already described in a former chapter. The fruit-buds, &.fld all the shoots or spurs supporting fruit-buds, are to be cut closely off wherever too thick for an even crop. Early in autumn the shortened shoots are to be cut down, leaving the fruit-buds only, to bear the next season. By this regularity of pruning, the tree will preserve a neat appearance, and bear regular crops. The horizontal branches may be about one foot apart for large pears, and eight inches for small; and the trees, if on quince-roots, may be about ten feet apatt. Regrafting Large Pear-Trees.—Some of the varieties de- scribed in the following pages have already shown indications of becoming generally affected by cracking. In such cases it becomes desirable to regraft them with valuable sorts, or else thoroughly to spray each year with Bordeaux mixture. The old and common way ia to cut off the trunk or a few of the larger limbs, and insert a few grafts, say four or five in all, and compel them to form the whole new head, requiring the lapse of many years. A much better and more expedi- tious mode is to scatter the grafts through the top—inserting. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Thomas
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