. A history of the birds of Europe, not observed in the British Isles . Bor, Amer., ii., 231, pi. 44. R,oux,Ornith. Prov., pi. 192, in autumn plumage. Boutcille,Ornith, du Dauph., pi. 28, f. 5. Dubois, Oiseaux dela Belgique, part 65, pi. 95, in winter and breeding-plumage. The Q^^ is also figured by Thienemannand Biideker. 170 Fcuiiilij MO TA Genus Anthus. PENNSYLYANIAN PIPIT. Anthus Lu(loi:ici(t)ius. All//tus ludovicianus, Alaucla ruhra, ludoviciana, rufa, pennsylvanica, , Anfltiis spinoletla, Aloueiie aux jouea hruves de Pennsylvanie,Pi pi Fa


. A history of the birds of Europe, not observed in the British Isles . Bor, Amer., ii., 231, pi. 44. R,oux,Ornith. Prov., pi. 192, in autumn plumage. Boutcille,Ornith, du Dauph., pi. 28, f. 5. Dubois, Oiseaux dela Belgique, part 65, pi. 95, in winter and breeding-plumage. The Q^^ is also figured by Thienemannand Biideker. 170 Fcuiiilij MO TA Genus Anthus. PENNSYLYANIAN PIPIT. Anthus Lu(loi:ici(t)ius. All//tus ludovicianus, Alaucla ruhra, ludoviciana, rufa, pennsylvanica, , Anfltiis spinoletla, Aloueiie aux jouea hruves de Pennsylvanie,Pi pi Farluzanne,Polar-Pieper,Med Larh,Proton Larh,Field Parle <Sf Pjouisana Parle, BONAPAKTE. Wilson; American Ornilli., vol. ii, p. ; Synopsis, ; Die Eier der Europ. Voegel. Description of plate 35, fig. Bonaparte; Sinop., p. ; Man. Brit. Birds, p. ; Orn. Biog., pi. 10. BUEFON. Of the French. Brehm. Edwards. Pennant. Latham. Wilson and !Nuttall. Latham; Syn. ii, rRNNSYrvAXiAx Iliir. 171 Specific Characters.—Superciliary ridi^e rufous yellow. Billbroad at the base, and the upper mandible has its dorsal lineslightly declinated at the end. Hind chiw one tenth of an inchlonfrer than toe, and more curved than in ^a/e?ii>is, but less sothan in A. ohscurus. Upper plumage olive grey, and but sliglitlymottled; lower plumage tinged with rufous, and thickly spottedon the breast and flanks. Length inches; from carpal joint to tip, three inches andthree tenths; tarsus nine tenths of an inch; hind toe seven twen-tieths of an inch; claw of hind toe four tenths of an inch. Beakalong ridge half an inch, from gape three fifths of an inch. Tailtwo inches and seven tenths. There lias been so much confusion among the Pipitsin consequence of the close affinities of several nearlyallied species, and the usual misapplication of nameswhich attend the designation of such families, that


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