. Minor and operative surgery, including bandaging . rne by the hands of thesurgeon ; warm solutions, it has been shown by recentinvestigations, possess a greater germicidal power thanthose of the same strength when used cold, and they alsopossess the advantage of preventing chilling of the patient,and thus diminish the shock of the operation. Hemorrhage during the operation is controlled by theuse of haemostatic forceps, which are applied to the bleed- DETAILS OF AN ANTISEPTIC OPERATION 331 ing vessels, or the vessels may be ligatured as they aredivided. After the operation has been completed
. Minor and operative surgery, including bandaging . rne by the hands of thesurgeon ; warm solutions, it has been shown by recentinvestigations, possess a greater germicidal power thanthose of the same strength when used cold, and they alsopossess the advantage of preventing chilling of the patient,and thus diminish the shock of the operation. Hemorrhage during the operation is controlled by theuse of haemostatic forceps, which are applied to the bleed- DETAILS OF AN ANTISEPTIC OPERATION 331 ing vessels, or the vessels may be ligatured as they aredivided. After the operation has been completed, and allhemorrhage has been controlled, the wound is thoroughlyirrigated with a 1 : 4000 to 1 : 2000 bichloride solution. The next step is to provide for drainage; this may bedisregarded in small, superficial wounds, but in a woundof considerable size or depth it is safer to provide freedrainage. This is accomplished by the use of perforatedrubber drainage-tubes, or a number of strands of catgut,or strips of iodoform or bichloride gauze. Fig. Irrigating apparatus. (Esmarch.) The rubber tube may be laid in the wound, the endsbeing allowed to extend from the extremities of the wound,or it may be so introduced that one end of the tube restsin the deepest part of the wound and the other extremityis brought out of the wound at its most dependent portion ;in large or irregularly shaped wounds a number of tubesmay be required to secure free drainage. The ends of thedrainage-tubes are transfixed with safety-pins which havebeen sterilized, and should next be cut off close to the pinsso as to be as nearly as possible flush with the skin. 332 ASEPSIS AND ANTISEPSIS. The wound being closed by sutures, a final irrigation ofits deepest parts should be made, by injecting a stream ofbichloride solution, 1 : 4000 to 1 : 2000, into the end of thedrainage-tube. The external surface of the wound, andthe skin for some distance surrounding it, should next bewashed with a 1 : 4000 to 1 : 2000
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