. Australian Garden and Field. November, 1913 shoots, far nothing goes into tl fruit that has not first been ela- borated by the leaves' The vine-growing districts ol Australia are all fairlv hot, and it is singular that in the districts of Southern Europe, where the climatic conditions are somewhat similar, vines are not topped ; and in France the method is confined almost entirely to very cold dis- tricts. \-igorous, or in districts where long spells of dry weather occur during summer, " topping " may be done, provided it is not done drastical- I3- ; in the case of very vigorous vi
. Australian Garden and Field. November, 1913 shoots, far nothing goes into tl fruit that has not first been ela- borated by the leaves' The vine-growing districts ol Australia are all fairlv hot, and it is singular that in the districts of Southern Europe, where the climatic conditions are somewhat similar, vines are not topped ; and in France the method is confined almost entirely to very cold dis- tricts. \-igorous, or in districts where long spells of dry weather occur during summer, " topping " may be done, provided it is not done drastical- I3- ; in the case of very vigorous vines a soil not ia<;king moisture during summer "toppmg" will hardly do good, and may cause harm in the long Blunno. â Agricultural Gazette, ⦠Where topping is done in the north of Italy it is alwavs done before blossoming," and the shoots are not all removed at once, but at different tini'es with intervals of eight to ten davs, making gene- rally three operations. Some growers in Australia " top " principally because the shoots interfere at a certain stage \vith work in the vineyard. In such cases, why not limit the topping to the shoots that have grown too long ? At any rate, five joints should be left over the grapes if th* shoot carries one bunch, and three joints if the shoot carries more than one. I should say that in the case of old vines, or of vines not too. Thinning Fruit. It is unfortunate that the tlun- ning fruit goes absolutely against the grain of the average amateur. He has planted fruit trees to bear fruits, and he can. not, or will not, see the advan-' tage of remo\4ng them before they are big enough to be of the slightest value. By laying a tho- roughly good foundation at the start, the grower immensely bene- fits in the long run, for-if a tree is not subjected to the exhaustive process of cropping in its earliest days, it will bear regularly season after season when it is established, whe
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