. Essex naturalist: being the journal of the Essex Field Club. l down the slopes may haveproved deceptive. No doubt there is glacial sand and gravel lowdown on these slopes, where it is depicted as being, but it is notwhere it was originally deposited. The material belongs to the(ilacial Period, but all of it below a certain level has been washeddown the hillsides during the ages in which the Chelmer was cuttingits way downwards to its present level, and thus forming the valley FROM MALDOM TO CHELMSFORD, AUGUST 8tH, 1891. 199 which now divides the (ilacial gravel of the plateau of Tiptree Heat
. Essex naturalist: being the journal of the Essex Field Club. l down the slopes may haveproved deceptive. No doubt there is glacial sand and gravel lowdown on these slopes, where it is depicted as being, but it is notwhere it was originally deposited. The material belongs to the(ilacial Period, but all of it below a certain level has been washeddown the hillsides during the ages in which the Chelmer was cuttingits way downwards to its present level, and thus forming the valley FROM MALDOM TO CHELMSFORD, AUGUST 8tH, 1891. 199 which now divides the (ilacial gravel of the plateau of Tiptree Heathfrom that of Danbury. IJeacon Hill, between \\ickham Bishop and Clreat Totham onthe right, and Danbury on the left, are noticeable as hills of some-what unusual height for this part of Essex. At the County Asylumof Wickhani Bishop a well of unusual interest was sunk about adozen years ago. The base of the London Clay was found at adepth of 295 feet from the surface, then the \\oolwich and ReadingBeds were pierced, and at 343 feet a fault was crossed and the. Diagram to illvstrate the effect of the Fault at the Bishop Well. W.—Well. F.—Fault. L. C—London Clay. W. B.—Woolwich Beds. T. S.—Thanet Sand. C—Chalk. London Clay again bored through and its base reached at 383 W. H. Dalton described this well and the fault in ourTransactions (vol. ii., pp. 15-18, pi. i), and there gives a diagramshowing a reversed fault, or one inclining to the upthrow, and not,as usual, to the downthrow. The late Searles Wood, on the otherhand, in his note on the subject in our Transactions (vol. iv.,June, 1885), prefers to account for the peculiar section in the well l)ythe supposition that there is a very singular S-like fold in the strata, 200 THE GEOLOGY AND SCENERY OF THE CLUBs VOYAGE and thinks a fault unnecessary. For my own part I am inclined tofavour Mr. Daltons explanation as the more probable one ; for theTertiary rocks of Essex afford no evidence of being contor
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