scipios circumvallation of numantia
Numantia (Numancia in Spanish) is the name of an ancient Celtiberian settlement, whose remains are located 7 km north of the city of Soria, on a hill known as Cerro de la Muela in the municipality of Garray. In the year 153 occurred the first serious conflict with Rome: Numantia let in some fugitives from the city of Segeda, who belonged to another Celtiberian tribe called the Bellos. The leader of the Bellos, Carus of Segeda, managed to defeat a Roman army commanded by the consul Quintus Fulvius Nobilior. The Romans, who brought a small number of war elephants, besieged Numantia unsuccessfully. After 20 years of hostilities, in the year 133 BC the Roman Senate gave Scipio Aemilianus Africanus the task of destroying Numantia. He laid siege to the city, erecting a nine kilometre fence supported by towers, moats, impaling rods and so on. After 13 months of siege, the Numantians decided to burn the city and die free rather than live and be slaves. The Siege of Numantia was the culminating and pacifying action of the long-running Numantine War between the forces of the Roman Republic and those of the native Celtiberian population of Hispania Citerior. The Numantine War was the third of the Celtiberian Wars and it broke out in 143 BC. A decade later, in 133 BC, the Roman general and hero of the Third Punic War, Scipio Aemilianus Africanus, subjugated the chief Celtiberian city of Numantia.
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