. Annual report of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). 26o Bulletin 254. there is a large body of land in the same neighborhood to be drained, it is advisable that a drainage level similar to the one shown in Fig. 196 be employed on all doubtful proposi- tions. This level costs about $30,00 and the leveling rod shown in Fig. 197 costs $ and these may be purchased by one man or by several men acting in co-operation. A drainage system is such a permanent investment and invo
. Annual report of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). 26o Bulletin 254. there is a large body of land in the same neighborhood to be drained, it is advisable that a drainage level similar to the one shown in Fig. 196 be employed on all doubtful proposi- tions. This level costs about $30,00 and the leveling rod shown in Fig. 197 costs $ and these may be purchased by one man or by several men acting in co-operation. A drainage system is such a permanent investment and involves so large an amount of money that no reason- able precautions should be neglected to insure its perfect working. Full directions for the use of such an instrument may be found in books on civil engineering and particularly on land drainage and direc- Fia 196.—.4 tyi^e of level that tions for the manipulating of may be used in laying out farm ., . ^ ^ ,. drainage systems. the mstruments are supplied by the manufacturers. But in a large number of propositions the fall is so apparent and the outlet so clearly defined and adequate that no leveling instruments of any sort are necessary. In all such cases the general course of the mains and laterals should be staked out in advance of any excavation, beginning at the oudet. If the ditch is to be in a natural target ~od depression in which water is likely to flow over tlie -^'"^"^'/t' for surface even after the installation of the tile, the tile level shown should be placed a little to one side of the bottom of the ^"" ft git re depression to prevent any possibility of its being washed out. Wherever a lateral joins a main drain or for that matter wherever two drains unite, they should come together at an acute angle instead of at a right angle, with the flow of the water di- rected with the fall. This arrangement reduces the tendency to check the flow of water in the tile, thereby causing the deposition of mat
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