. The Ridpath library of universal literature : a biographical and bibliographical summary of the world's most eminent authors, including the choicest extracts and masterpieces from their writings .... and has beencalled Political Economy is in reality nothing more thanthe investigation of some accidental phenomena of mod-ern commercial operations, nor has it been true in itsinvestigation even of these.—Munera Pulveris. LABOR. Labor is the contest of the life of man with an op-posite. Literally, it is the quantity or lapse, loss orfailure of human life caused by any effort. It is usuallyconfus


. The Ridpath library of universal literature : a biographical and bibliographical summary of the world's most eminent authors, including the choicest extracts and masterpieces from their writings .... and has beencalled Political Economy is in reality nothing more thanthe investigation of some accidental phenomena of mod-ern commercial operations, nor has it been true in itsinvestigation even of these.—Munera Pulveris. LABOR. Labor is the contest of the life of man with an op-posite. Literally, it is the quantity or lapse, loss orfailure of human life caused by any effort. It is usuallyconfused with effort itself, or the application of power{opera) ; but there is much effort which is merely amode of recreation or of pleasure. The most beautifulactions of the human body, and the highest results ofthe human intelligence, are conditions, or achievements,of quite unlaborious—nay, of recreative—effort. Butlabor is the suffering in effort. It is the negativequantity—or quantity of de-feat—which has to becounted against every Feat, and of de-fect which hasto be counted against every Fact or Deed of men. Inbrief, it is that quantity of our toil which we die in.—Munera RUSSELL, Irwin, an American poet, born atPort Gibson, Miss., June 3, 1853; died in NewOrleans, La., December 23, 1879. ^^^ father, McNab Russell, was a native of Ohio,who went to Mississippi to begin the practice ofmedicine. The family removed to St. Louis in1855, though the father returned and enlisted in theConfederate army. Irwin was graduated from theSt. Louis University (Jesuit) in 1869 with a special act of the Legislature of Mississippihe was admitted to the bar at the age of learned the printers trade and set up in busi-ness for himself at Port Gibson. He was the firstto appreciate the possibilities of negro charactersas literary studies, reproducing the plantation pict-ures with fidelity. Some time before his deathhe began the construction of a


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, bookidrid, booksubjectliterature