. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. 4-'' KOSSII. TURTLES OF NORTH AMERICA. All the tarsalia of fig. 559 (2, 3, 4, 5, of the second row) are present in the right foot except the first; hut this is present in the left foot. The first and the fifth are largest. By its inner border the fifth articulates with the fifth tarsal; and by a part of the lower border, with the fourth metatarsal. The metatarsals of the first and second digits and the first phalangeal of the second digit are missing; but these are present in the left foot. The distal, claw-bearing phalanges are relatively long
. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. 4-'' KOSSII. TURTLES OF NORTH AMERICA. All the tarsalia of fig. 559 (2, 3, 4, 5, of the second row) are present in the right foot except the first; hut this is present in the left foot. The first and the fifth are largest. By its inner border the fifth articulates with the fifth tarsal; and by a part of the lower border, with the fourth metatarsal. The metatarsals of the first and second digits and the first phalangeal of the second digit are missing; but these are present in the left foot. The distal, claw-bearing phalanges are relatively long, that of the first digit being 27 mm. long; that of the second, 35 mm.; that of the third, 40 mm.; and that of the fourth, 37 mm. Each claw phalange is there- fore as long as, or longer than, the remaining phalanges, together with the metatarsal of the same digit. In size and form the distal phalanges resemble those of Gopherus polyphemus. The terminal portion of the tail is greatly expanded. This portion is 75 mm. long and appears to consist of 5 vertebra?. The lateral processes of these vertebrae are lengthened, so. • 557- Figs. 557 and 558.—Testudo osborniana. Shell and femur (it type. 557. Carapace, side view. Y.\. 558. Left femur, ventral surface. Xi- that a broad flat beaver-like paddle is produced. Its greatest breadth is 85 mm. The terminal vertebrae, 10 in number, of G. polyphemus have their lateral processes similarly lengthened, but in this case the processes are distinct, true caudal ribs. This tortoise possest the same kind of supplementary armor that we have found in T. orthopygia. The skin of the bottoms of the feet, of the lower leg, of the hinder part of the thigh, the tail, both on the upper and the lower sides, and probably also of the anterior limbs supported an armor composed of bones of various sizes. These bones doubtless lay each beneath a horny scale such as we see protecting the limbs of many of the living species of Testudo and of other genera of
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