. The historians' history of the world; a comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations as recorded by over two thousand of the great writers of all ages:. country for upwards of ninecenturies. The year after Syria was subdued, Mesopotamia was invaded,and proved an easy conquest. As soon as the Arabs had completed the conquest of Syria, they invadedEgypt. The emperor Heraclius sent an Armenian governor, Manuel, witha body of troops, to defend the province. The fortune of the Arabs againprevailed, and the Roman army was defeated. If the accounts of historianscan be relied on, i
. The historians' history of the world; a comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations as recorded by over two thousand of the great writers of all ages:. country for upwards of ninecenturies. The year after Syria was subdued, Mesopotamia was invaded,and proved an easy conquest. As soon as the Arabs had completed the conquest of Syria, they invadedEgypt. The emperor Heraclius sent an Armenian governor, Manuel, witha body of troops, to defend the province. The fortune of the Arabs againprevailed, and the Roman army was defeated. If the accounts of historianscan be relied on, it would seem that the population of Egypt had sufferedless from the vicious administration of the Roman Empire, and from thePersian invasion, than any other part of their dominions ; for about the timeof its conquest by the Romans it contained seven millions and a half, exclu-sive of Alexandria, and its population was now estimated at six millions. A year after Amru had completed the conquest of Egypt, he had estab-lished the water communication between the Nile and the Red Sea : and, bysending large supplies of grain by the canal to Suez, he was able to relieve the. HERACLIUS AND HIS SUCCESSORS 181 [640-646 ] inhabitants of Mecca, who were suffering from famine. After more than oneinterruption from neglect, the policy of the caliphs of Baghdad allowed it tofall into decay, and it was filled up by Almansor, 762-767 As soon as the Arabs had settled the affairs of the native population, theylaid siege to Alexandria. This city made a vigorous defence, and Heracliusexerted himself to succour it ; but, though it held out for several months, itwas at last taken by the Arabs, for the troubles which occurred at Constan-tinople after the death of Heraclius prevented the Roman government fromsending reinforcements to the garrison. The confidence of the Saracensinduced them to leave a feeble corps for its defence after they had taken it;and the Roman troops, watching an opportuni
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