. Effects of acid rain on soil and water . Tedrow Figure 4. A Podzol Soil Profile.* Case Keq /ha lb. CaCCyacre Strong acids 1 m pH rain per annum Moderate lime requirement Northeast agricultural soils 45 per annum 90 4,000 Exchange acidity New Hampshire podzol 910 41,000 Weathering rate of newly- developed English sand dunes per annum, m depth 960 43,000 Acid to dissolve bases in m unweathered Hubbard Brook, NH soil Acid to dissolve bases plus Al in m unweathered Hubbard Brook, NH soil 27,230 109,840 1,200,000 4,900,000 Acid to dissolve m of pure CaCo3 soil 179,030 8
. Effects of acid rain on soil and water . Tedrow Figure 4. A Podzol Soil Profile.* Case Keq /ha lb. CaCCyacre Strong acids 1 m pH rain per annum Moderate lime requirement Northeast agricultural soils 45 per annum 90 4,000 Exchange acidity New Hampshire podzol 910 41,000 Weathering rate of newly- developed English sand dunes per annum, m depth 960 43,000 Acid to dissolve bases in m unweathered Hubbard Brook, NH soil Acid to dissolve bases plus Al in m unweathered Hubbard Brook, NH soil 27,230 109,840 1,200,000 4,900,000 Acid to dissolve m of pure CaCo3 soil 179,030 8,000,000 *Swartswood soil developed on the quartzite and sandstone of the Kittatinny Ridge of northern New Jersey. * Relative acidities are expressed both in metric units in terms of reactive quantity per unit area and in English units converting Keq to lime equivalents. Soil lime requirement from Weeks and Lathwell (1967). Podzol exchange acidity from Lunt (1932). Ex- change acidity is nearly equally divided between forest floor and mineral soil. Acid to dissolve soil materials is calculated from av- erage composite Hubbard Brook parent material from Johnson et al. (1968). Sola (A + B horizons) of well-developed soils in the Northeast, including Lunt's podzol and Hubbard Brook soil, are about 2 ft. Accordingly, a depth of 2 ft., or m, is used for comparative pur- poses. Weight of mineral soil is assumed to be 2,000,000 lbs. per 6 acre slice. Weathering rate of English sand dunes is calculated from equivalents of CaC03 lost between the years 2 and 6 after dune for- mation, from Salisbury (1925). velop parallel to the earth's surface rather than along channels of preferential flow. Given the rate of soil for- mation, or even the 100 or more years said to be neces- sary for significant leaching of cations by acid rain under ideal conditions (McFee et al., 1976), strong acidification of mineral soil will usually be restricted to the upper soil profile even after thousands
Size: 2247px × 2225px
Photo credit: © The Bookworm Collection / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookpublishernewhavenconnecticutagriculturalex
