. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. i BULLETIN No. 229 «S"L*?" Contribution from the Forest Service HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester. S&&*&su Washington, D. C. July 28, 1915. THE NAVAL STORES INDUSTRY. By A. W. Schorger, Chemist in Forest Products, and H. S. Betts, Engineer in Forest Products, Forest Products CONTENTS. Page. Need for improved methods 1 History of the industry in the United States. 2 Statistics of production 3 Commercial utilization of products 8 Formation and flow of resin in the living tree. 10 Principles und
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. i BULLETIN No. 229 «S"L*?" Contribution from the Forest Service HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester. S&&*&su Washington, D. C. July 28, 1915. THE NAVAL STORES INDUSTRY. By A. W. Schorger, Chemist in Forest Products, and H. S. Betts, Engineer in Forest Products, Forest Products CONTENTS. Page. Need for improved methods 1 History of the industry in the United States. 2 Statistics of production 3 Commercial utilization of products 8 Formation and flow of resin in the living tree. 10 Principles underlying the distillation of crude gum 12 Commercial methods of collecting crude gum. 14 Relative yields secured from cups and boxes. 22 Relative amounts of scrape formed by the box and cup systems 23 Relative yields from different depths and heights of chipping 24 Effect of turpentine operations on 25 Quality of gum from boxed and cupped timber 27 Commercial distillation of crude gum 27 Page. French methods of collecting gum 32 French distillation methods 35 Comparison between direct and steam-heated stills 39 The supply of longlaaf pine for turpentine operations 40 Possibilities of western pines as a source of naval stores 44 Special problems investigated—Arizona and California western yellow pine 47 Suggestions for specifications 49 Packing naval stores 50 Cost estimates on a 20-crop turpentine opera- tion 51 Publications relating to the naval stores industry 53 Patents relating to the naval stores industry. 56 NEED FOR IMPROVED METHODS. The business of producing naval stores is unique among American industries in one particular. Until recently there has been practically no change in methods since its first establishment. Those in vogue before the War of the Revolution are mainly the ones in force to-day. Very recently the cup method of turpentining the trees has been taken up, but the wasteful box method is still largely used. Outside of this the average operato
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