. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. EARTH, SAND-CLAY, AND GRAVEL ROADS. 29 inches up to 12 inches and this better distribution of the material in the embankment tends to prevent inequalities from developing in the finished road surface. Wheeled scrapers (fig. 17) are used to a greater extent in road grading than either drag scrapers or wagons. The reason for this is that in road work the haul length falls, more frequently than otherwise, within the limits for which wheeled scrapers are economi- cal. Several different sizes of such scrapers are in ordinar
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. EARTH, SAND-CLAY, AND GRAVEL ROADS. 29 inches up to 12 inches and this better distribution of the material in the embankment tends to prevent inequalities from developing in the finished road surface. Wheeled scrapers (fig. 17) are used to a greater extent in road grading than either drag scrapers or wagons. The reason for this is that in road work the haul length falls, more frequently than otherwise, within the limits for which wheeled scrapers are economi- cal. Several different sizes of such scrapers are in ordinary use, but the size employed most commonly has an actual load capacity of from 11 to 15 cubic feet, according to how heavily the load is heaped. Scrapers of this size ordinarily sell for from $35 to $50 f. o. b. factory. In operating wheeled scrapers the material is loosened by plowing, in the manner already described, and is loaded by the scooping action of the scraper. Two horses usually are sufficient to draw the scraper after it is loaded, but a second team, called a snatch team, is hitched in at the front of the tongue to assist in loading. The snatch team should consist of either two or three horses, according to the char- acter of the material, and one snatch team should serve several scrapers. The loading and dumping of the scrapers are done by laborers provided for that purpose and not by the drivers. A small organization for carrying on grading work with wheeled scrapers may be made up about as given below:. Fig. 17.—Wheeled scraper. Force: 1 foreman. 6 to 11 drivers. 1 laborer for plowing. 2 laborers for loading scrapers. 2 laborers for dumping and spreading. 1 laborer to trim slopes, etc. 1 two-horse team for plow. 4 to 8 two-horse teams for scrap- ers. 1 or 2 two-horse snatch teams. Total: 1 foreman, 17 laborers, 11 teams. Tools 8 wheeled scrapers to 15 cu. ft). 1 road plow. 2 picks. 2 mattocks. 2 axes. 3 shovels. (capacity 11. Please note that these images are e
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