. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 42 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM UTILIZED, FLAKES •SCRAPERS MISCELLANEOUS RETOUCH BORERS (POINTS). BACKED SCRAPERS BACKED FLAKES Fig. 13. Diagram indicating the intergrading of stone artefact types. Broken lines indicate less common areas of intergrading. clear-cut division between the classes or, as previously mentioned, between artefacts classified as utilized-modified and those classed as retouched. Figure 13 gives some indication of the directions of intergrading but it would require a multi
. Annals of the South African Museum = Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Natural history. 42 ANNALS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MUSEUM UTILIZED, FLAKES •SCRAPERS MISCELLANEOUS RETOUCH BORERS (POINTS). BACKED SCRAPERS BACKED FLAKES Fig. 13. Diagram indicating the intergrading of stone artefact types. Broken lines indicate less common areas of intergrading. clear-cut division between the classes or, as previously mentioned, between artefacts classified as utilized-modified and those classed as retouched. Figure 13 gives some indication of the directions of intergrading but it would require a multivariate attribute analysis to quantify the degree of intergrading in a meaningful manner. It is for this reason that the more usual term 'formal tools' is not used in this report, and aspects of the problem are touched on in the discussions of the various classes. The inventory of the classes in the retouched artefact category is given in Table 7 and the layer frequencies in Figure 14, in histogram form. In general, the frequencies for the layers below layer 12 are too low to be amenable to meaningful statistical analysis or even conversion to percentage frequencies. Although this fact is clearly not without archaeological significance, it tends to create a bias in any discussion in favour of the upper layers. As is the case with the utilized and modified artefacts, the dominant raw material for retouched artefacts is silcrete (85,2% of the category total), followed by quartz (11,9%), quartzite (1,9%), and negligible frequencies of limestone and chalcedony (0,5% each). Quartz is not considered to be under- represented in this category through lack of recognition of retouch since modification of the shape makes recognition easier. There are secular trends in the frequencies of raw materials in certain classes, and these are discussed under the relevant heading. Scrapers These account for 52,1 per cent of the category total and, as indicated in Figure 14, are the dominant retou
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectnaturalhistory, booky
