. A manual of therapeutic exercise and massage, designed for the use of physicians, students and masseurs. Fig. 11.—Abduction of arm. scapula and humerus held in muscular fixation; instead of amovement of the humerus in the humeroscapular joint thescapula is abducted alone, and thus the deltoid exposed totension which is decidedly unfavorable for a weak danger is still greater when the deltoid is paralytic orparetic, or when the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle or4 50 APPARATUS, SPORTS AND GAMES its insertion has been injured. In such cases the sand-bagwill assist the deltoid and
. A manual of therapeutic exercise and massage, designed for the use of physicians, students and masseurs. Fig. 11.—Abduction of arm. scapula and humerus held in muscular fixation; instead of amovement of the humerus in the humeroscapular joint thescapula is abducted alone, and thus the deltoid exposed totension which is decidedly unfavorable for a weak danger is still greater when the deltoid is paralytic orparetic, or when the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle or4 50 APPARATUS, SPORTS AND GAMES its insertion has been injured. In such cases the sand-bagwill assist the deltoid and supraspinatus; it will allow move-ment in the humeroscapular joint and thus an exercise maybe done which otherwise would require the help of anassistant. It cannot be denied that technically perfect apparatus willserve somewhat or perhaps much better, but what is chieflyneeded is to bring such means within the reach of everybodywhich enable the physician to advise his patient as to simpleand inexpensive Fig. 12.—Abduction of both arms. The importance of such suggestions has become evidentto us in the Medico-Mechanical Department of the Massa-chusetts General Hospital, as not infrequently patients andeven physicians living at a distance remarked that theycould not enjoy exercise treatment at their homes as theydid not have such wonderful machines. My answer hasalways been: ^Rational exercise treatment can be carriedon everywhere and on the whole does not require machines,valuable as they may be for a large hospital or a specialinstitution. EXERCISES WITH ROPES AND PULLEYS 51 Although the plan of this book does not actually demandit, a brief review of the most important and frequently usedapparatus for passive and active movements will be given. Zanders System.—The oldest system is that of GustafZander, a man gifted with both technical talents and medical
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