American Blacksmithing, toolsmiths' and steelworkers' manual . d by most smiths are short and clumsy; theyinterfere too much with the air, and give a bumpinstead of a sharp cutting blow that will stick to thecalk. The shoe should be so shaped at the heel as to giveplenty of room for the frog; the heels to be spread outas wide as possible. This is important, for if the shoeis wide between the heels the horse will stand morefirm, and it will be to him a comfortable shoe. Theshoe should not be wider between the calks at theexpense of same, as is done by some shoers, forthis is only a half calk, a
American Blacksmithing, toolsmiths' and steelworkers' manual . d by most smiths are short and clumsy; theyinterfere too much with the air, and give a bumpinstead of a sharp cutting blow that will stick to thecalk. The shoe should be so shaped at the heel as to giveplenty of room for the frog; the heels to be spread outas wide as possible. This is important, for if the shoeis wide between the heels the horse will stand morefirm, and it will be to him a comfortable shoe. Theshoe should not be wider between the calks at theexpense of same, as is done by some shoers, forthis is only a half calk, and the heel is no wider. Theshoe should not be fitted to the foot when hot, as itwill injure the hoof if it is burned to the foot. X42 MODERN BLACKSMITHING HOW TO PREPARE THE FOOT FOR THE SHOE The foot should be level, no matter what the fault iswith the horse. The hoof should not be cut downmore than the loose scales will allow. In a healthy-condition this scale is a guide. When the foot is dis-eased it is different, and the shoer must use his The frog never grows too large. It should never betrimmed more than just to remove any loose scales. The frog in its functions is very important to thewell-being of the foot. In the unshod foot it projectsbeyond the level of the sole, always in contact with theground; it obviates concussion; supports the tendons;prevents falls and contraction. The bars are also ofimportance, bracing the hoof, and should never be cutdown as has been the practice for centuries by igno^rant horse-shoers. MODERN BIvACKSMlTHING I43 FORGING Forging or overreaching is a bad habit, and a horsewith this fault is now very valuable. This habit canbe overcome by shoeing; but it will not be done bymaking the shoes short on the heel in front and shortin the toe behind. Never try this foolish method. To overcome forging the shoer should know whatforging is. It is this: The horse breaks over with his
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