. Botany of the living plant. Botany; Plants. SCHIZOPHYTA 453 logically similar to that carried out by the cells of the digestive tract in the mycorrhizic Orchidaceae, described in Chapter XII. p. 231. But there is also another line of defence which forms the foundation of the serum-treatment now so widely applied. It is based on the fact that in certain instances, when Us a. 00&5 i'J % t^s ^> \ r. Fig. 349. b, erysipelas cocci ; c, gonorrhoea cocci; d, splenic Pathogenic Bacteria, a, Pus cocci , fever bacilli ; f, diphtheria bacilli ; g, tubercle bacilli ; h, typhoid bacilli ; i, colon
. Botany of the living plant. Botany; Plants. SCHIZOPHYTA 453 logically similar to that carried out by the cells of the digestive tract in the mycorrhizic Orchidaceae, described in Chapter XII. p. 231. But there is also another line of defence which forms the foundation of the serum-treatment now so widely applied. It is based on the fact that in certain instances, when Us a. 00&5 i'J % t^s ^> \ r. Fig. 349. b, erysipelas cocci ; c, gonorrhoea cocci; d, splenic Pathogenic Bacteria, a, Pus cocci , fever bacilli ; f, diphtheria bacilli ; g, tubercle bacilli ; h, typhoid bacilli ; i, colon bacilli ; k, cholera bacilli. (From A. Fischer, Vorl. u Bacterien. x about 1500.) a bacterial toxine is introduced into the circulation of an animal in suitable amounts, there is developed in the blood-serum of the animal a substance which has the property of neutralising the toxine, and is called an antitoxine. Various specific antitoxic sera are thus prepared, and are used either as preventive or as curative agents. This is not the place to discuss the pheno- mena of immunity, but it may be stated that immunity is of two main types :—it is directed either against the growth of the bacteria, on the one hand ; or against the action of their toxines, on the other. During recent years a number of important anti-bacterial drugs have been synthesised and given wide clinical application. The discovery of the non- toxic, anti-bacterial substance Penicillin, produced during the growth of the green mould Penicillium notation and related species on suitable media, marks the beginning of a new era in the treatment of wounds and diseases, Staphylococci, Streptococci and Pneumococci being among the organisms most readily affected. The invasion of plant-tissues by Bacteria does not appear to be so common as of animal tissues. The reason probably is that the cell-walls prove an obstacle to ready infection : but a good example is seen in the Crown Call, which occurs on various cultivated p
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