. Railway and Locomotive Engineering. driving throughout by motors is increas-ing. Convenience, simplicity, economj lectively. The usual practice has been todrive larger machines, such as big lathes,planers and boring mills by independentmotors and to operate smaller tools ingroups from line shafting. The greatlyimproved design of modern motorseliminates the group drive which wasnecessitated by the fact that earlier typesof motors were large and unwieldy andnot suitable for mounting on headstocksof lathes or for direct connection toother machines. Modern motors, built ice. Probably 75 per cent
. Railway and Locomotive Engineering. driving throughout by motors is increas-ing. Convenience, simplicity, economj lectively. The usual practice has been todrive larger machines, such as big lathes,planers and boring mills by independentmotors and to operate smaller tools ingroups from line shafting. The greatlyimproved design of modern motorseliminates the group drive which wasnecessitated by the fact that earlier typesof motors were large and unwieldy andnot suitable for mounting on headstocksof lathes or for direct connection toother machines. Modern motors, built ice. Probably 75 per cent, of the elec-tric power used for shop operation isrequired for constant speed machinesand electric lights. In the railway-shoppower house the most satisfactory ar-rangement for generating current con-sists of alternating current generatorscoupled either to turbines or reciprocat-ing current motors, namely, the inductiontype with squirrel-cage winding, is es-sentially a constant speed machine, en-tailing little care and minimum main-. of operation, increased output, betterlight and safety are some of the manybenefits resulting from electric drive. It permits the power to be electric generators can be located atpny convenient place and the power dis-tributed over wires to the various ma-chines located around the shops. Thisgives a flexibility of distribution andcontrol that cannot be secured easily andcheaply by any other way. When electricdrive was first installed the machinesvrtre driven either individually or col- ELECTRICAL DRIVE FOR REPAIRspecially fur driving shop machinery, arecompact, with a wide range of sizes andrequisite speed variations when that individual drive can be usedthroughout. The present line of direct-current motors are equipped with com-mutating or interpoles, and by means offield rheostats any speed variation up toand including four to one is wholly prac-ticable. Constant speed motors, however, ful-fill the requireme
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