Journal . we obtain t, and substituting this in(6a) when V = 0 we obtain p, which means we have foundwhat the maximum static head of clay must have been whilewe determined p by experiment. 44 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CLAY Actually, as far as the authors experiments have gone, pseems almost independent of p. Lordly, in America, has re-peated some of the authors experiments on a larger scale, carry-ing the penetration to three times the depth. For all thisapparently p was unaffected by p; in other words, when oncethe phenomenon has started (which it usually does when thepenetration is about eq
Journal . we obtain t, and substituting this in(6a) when V = 0 we obtain p, which means we have foundwhat the maximum static head of clay must have been whilewe determined p by experiment. 44 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CLAY Actually, as far as the authors experiments have gone, pseems almost independent of p. Lordly, in America, has re-peated some of the authors experiments on a larger scale, carry-ing the penetration to three times the depth. For all thisapparently p was unaffected by p; in other words, when oncethe phenomenon has started (which it usually does when thepenetration is about equal to twice the diameter of disc) it goeson until the disc nearly reaches the bottom of the vessel con-taining the clay. This being so, it would appear that we mayignore h in equation (6), and thus when H = 0 W k- + Ac c = t - k \/t nearly or t-kji-c = 0 .-. — z and thus t is known, and inserting the value for t in (4) we obtainthe value of p, the pressure of fluidity, which is a great VERTICAL SECTION ONAA Fig. 6. So far we have considered only the square pyramid form ofstacking the spheres. A closer and, therefore, more likelyarrangement is the tetrahedral. THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CLAY. 45 Using the same symbols as before, and considering theequilibrium of the top sphere a (Fig. 6).p = 3 t cos $ + 3fsin 0= 31 cos 0 + 3 i±t sin $= 3tcose + 3k Jtsin$ (7) Considering the equilibrium of one of the three supportingspheres L, M and N, the horizontal outward thrust due to t of thetop sphere (which, of course, acts down the line of centres) ist sin 0, and due to a fifth sphere a below L, M, N, and verticallyunder a there is an equal thrust t sin 0 on each of the three bottomspheres. The total horizontal thrust on each of L, M, Nis therefore 2 t sin$, which is equilibrated by equal and oppositehorizontal thrusts in the case of the internal groups (asbefore) ; but in the case of the peripheral groups there is the lesshorizontal force h (as before). Also the hor
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