. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1986 Jensen, Fuller and Robinson: Wolf Distribution 365 > km/km - - < I N. Figure 2. Distribution of road density (surfaced and unsurfaced), by township, in the Whitefish Bay-St. Mary's River Study Area. Solid line indicates the southwestern limit of the distribution of Wolf packs in the area. distribution generally corresponded to areas where mean road density exceeded about (Figure 2). In the Ontario portion of the study area, road density within areas not occupied by Wolves (X = ^km/ km^) was greater than in Wolf-occ
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1986 Jensen, Fuller and Robinson: Wolf Distribution 365 > km/km - - < I N. Figure 2. Distribution of road density (surfaced and unsurfaced), by township, in the Whitefish Bay-St. Mary's River Study Area. Solid line indicates the southwestern limit of the distribution of Wolf packs in the area. distribution generally corresponded to areas where mean road density exceeded about (Figure 2). In the Ontario portion of the study area, road density within areas not occupied by Wolves (X = ^km/ km^) was greater than in Wolf-occupied areas (X= km/km^). Mean road density in Michigan for townships within 40 km of the St. Mary's River ( km/km^) was also greater than in Wolf-occupied areas of Ontario, and similar to unoccupied areas in Ontario. Road density in areas >40km from the St. Mary's River (X= km/ km2) was less than nearer the river (Figure 2), but still higher than in Wolf-occupied areas of Ontario. Discussion Large tracts of wild land with low human densities and minimal accessibility must be available if a Wolf population is to be maintained or re-estabUshed in an area (Bailey 1978; Henshaw 1979; Mech 1979). Quantitative evaluation of the relationship between human activities and Wolf distribution is therefore essential to management efforts. Human census data have been used to identify potential Wolf range (Weise et al. 1975; Henshaw 1982), but such information may not be sufficiently current or area- specific for management. Thiel (1985) correlated the historical demise of Wolves in Wisconsin with increasing road densities, and thus presumably with human exploitation rates. Roads, besides indicating loss of habitat, result in increased mortality from trapping, shooting, and collisions with vehicles. In areas where up-to-date, large-scale road maps are easily available, correlations between road densities and Wolf densities could facilitate evaluations of Wolf habitat. The dist
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