. Greek athletic sports and festivals . t. The meaning of the word translatedgouging is clear from Aristophanes. It means digging thehand or fingers into the eyes, mouth, and other tender parts ofthe body. A vivid illustration of gouging occurs on a BritishMuseum kylix (Fig. 151). One of the pankratiasts has inserted^ Im. ii. 6. 2 j^g^^ 442 ; Pax, 899. XX PANKRATION—STANDING AND ON THE GEOUND 439 his thumb and finger into his opponents eye as if to gouge itout, and the official is hastening up with his rod uplifted tointerfere and punish such foul play. A somewhat similar sceneis represented o
. Greek athletic sports and festivals . t. The meaning of the word translatedgouging is clear from Aristophanes. It means digging thehand or fingers into the eyes, mouth, and other tender parts ofthe body. A vivid illustration of gouging occurs on a BritishMuseum kylix (Fig. 151). One of the pankratiasts has inserted^ Im. ii. 6. 2 j^g^^ 442 ; Pax, 899. XX PANKRATION—STANDING AND ON THE GEOUND 439 his thumb and finger into his opponents eye as if to gouge itout, and the official is hastening up with his rod uplifted tointerfere and punish such foul play. A somewhat similar sceneis represented on a kylix in Baltimore (Fig. 152), where apankratiast inserts his thumb into the mouth of an opponentwhom he has thrown head over heels. The pankration naturally divides itself into two parts, thestanding pankration (to avo> TrayKpanov) and the struggle onthe ground (to KotTw TrayKpanov). In the former the opponentsendeavoured to throw one another heavily to the ground, bywrestling or kicking or hitting. There was much preliminary. Fig. 154.—Panathenaic amphora. Sixth century,(ilfort. d. I. I. xxii.) sparring, appropriately described as aKpox^ipia-fios.^ The handswere unprotected by thongs or other covering, and, as isnatural in a combination of wrestling and boxing, the openhand and the fist were both used. Both are representedon the fragment of a kylix in Berlin (Fig. 153). The fallenyouth bleeds freely from the nose, and bears on his backthe imprint of his opponents fingers. At the same time, hisfist is clenched ready to strike. The relative importance ofwrestling and boxing in the pankration depended much onthe individual. The man with a long reach naturally preferredto utilize his advantage in hitting; the short, thickset boxer 1 xxvi. p. 14. 440 GREEK ATHLETIC SPORTS AND FESTIVALS CHAP. generally depended for victory on his wrestling.^ The strugglewas usually decided on the ground. It is commonly statedthat when one or other opponent had fallen, hitting was
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