. Refraction and muscular imbalance, as simplified through the use of the ski-optometer. Fig. 16—The phorometer handle placed verticaUy, de-notes vertical muscles are undergoing test for right orleft hypherphoria—as indicated by R. H. or L. H. Instead of memorizing a vast number ofrules essential where trial case prisms areemployed for testing ocular muscles, thepointer of the phorometer indicates not onlythe degree on the red scale, but the presence ofright hyperphoria (R. H.) or left hyper-phoria, (L. H.). Fig. 17—The horizontal streak caused by Maddox rod bisecting muscle testing spotlight
. Refraction and muscular imbalance, as simplified through the use of the ski-optometer. Fig. 16—The phorometer handle placed verticaUy, de-notes vertical muscles are undergoing test for right orleft hypherphoria—as indicated by R. H. or L. H. Instead of memorizing a vast number ofrules essential where trial case prisms areemployed for testing ocular muscles, thepointer of the phorometer indicates not onlythe degree on the red scale, but the presence ofright hyperphoria (R. H.) or left hyper-phoria, (L. H.). Fig. 17—The horizontal streak caused by Maddox rod bisecting muscle testing spotlight for vertical imbalance, as patient should see it. Assuming that the patient finds that thestreak cuts through the point of light, the re- [49] Refraction and Muscular Imbalance. Fig. 18—The Maddox rods placed horizontally test eso- phoria or exophoria, caudng a vertical streak to be seen by the patient. fractionist instantly notes the absence of hy-perphoria. Should the point of light and thered streak not bisect, prism power must beadded by rotating the phorometers handle toa position that will cause the streak to cutthrough the light (Fig. 17). While testingfor hyperphoria, the red scale should alonebe employed, the white scale being totallyignored. ESOPHORIA AND ExOPHORIA The next step is to set the white lines of thered Maddox rod either at white zero, or 180°line, with the rods in a horizontal position(Fig. 18) and the phorometer on the whiteneutral line, with handle horizontal, (), thus making the test for esophoria or [50] Refraction and Muscular Imbalance exophoria, technically known as lateral devia-tions. The red streak will now be seen in a verti-cal position. Should it bisect the spot of light,it would show that no lateral imbalance ex-is
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