. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. Science; Natural history; Natural history. ?SOIL:. SCYTONEMA (ALGA) STEREOCAULON (LICHEN) 9?fftffyt? CAMPYLOPUS (MOSS) NEPHROLEPIS (FERN) Figure 4. A section through a recent a'a lava flow, on the left, overlaying a prehistoric well developed soil. The upper clinker layer is that which would eventually give rise to a new soil layer with a climax vegetation on it. At the right is illustrated the arrangement of the pioneer communities to be expected on the lava flows at the lower elevations in Hawaii. by Figure 3C is characterized by the
. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. Science; Natural history; Natural history. ?SOIL:. SCYTONEMA (ALGA) STEREOCAULON (LICHEN) 9?fftffyt? CAMPYLOPUS (MOSS) NEPHROLEPIS (FERN) Figure 4. A section through a recent a'a lava flow, on the left, overlaying a prehistoric well developed soil. The upper clinker layer is that which would eventually give rise to a new soil layer with a climax vegetation on it. At the right is illustrated the arrangement of the pioneer communities to be expected on the lava flows at the lower elevations in Hawaii. by Figure 3C is characterized by the appearance of blue-green algae, by the surface remaining moist longer after a shower and by the slower appearance and longer persistence of steaming or fog production after a shower has passed. As the stage represented by Figure 3C wears on, mosses appear and, in the shade, liverworts and ferns. Primary leaves of Nephro- lepis exaltata and unidentifiable dicotyledons were found at the Halekamahina site at about 200 feet elevation on August 15, 1955, five months after the eruption but they did not mature. Colonies of flowering plants come to thrive rooting in cracks and the crevices between folds of lava. They are a wide variety in Hawaii varying in time of appearance, in just what species appear and in just what population densities obtain. Their success may be promoted by the earlier-mentioned exfoliated fine material accumulated by gravi- tation or as Eggler suggested (1941) by wind. Scytonema hofmannii is always preeminent among the algae. It has been observed to be infested with fungi at this time. Campylopus species (Miller, 1960) are preeminent among the mosses and Nephrolepis exaltata is the. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Southern California Academy of Sciences. Los Angeles, Calif.
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