. The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . e Le Conteand the Kieffer, are hybrids with the oriental i)ear, P. Sinensis Lindl. The pear differs from the apple in form, ha\ing a more or less taperingstem-end without a depression, also in the texture and llavor of the fruitflesh; but in general morj)hological details the fruits are identical. HISTOLOCJY. Receptacle and Pericarp, i. The Epidermis (Fig. 252, epi), consistsof window cells like those of the apple, but only half as large (10-25 /).The thick cuticle - rup
. The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . e Le Conteand the Kieffer, are hybrids with the oriental i)ear, P. Sinensis Lindl. The pear differs from the apple in form, ha\ing a more or less taperingstem-end without a depression, also in the texture and llavor of the fruitflesh; but in general morj)hological details the fruits are identical. HISTOLOCJY. Receptacle and Pericarp, i. The Epidermis (Fig. 252, epi), consistsof window cells like those of the apple, but only half as large (10-25 /).The thick cuticle - ruptured in places, particularly about the stomata, PEAR. 327 with the formation of cork cells beneath. In varieties with a roughskin, the epidermal cells proper give place almost entirely to cork tis-sues. In the calyx depression are thick-walled, pointed hairs 200-250 /<long. 2. A Hypoderm (hy) of 3-4 layers consists of cells with knotty,thickened walls and collenchymatous angles. 3. The Fruit Flesh is characterized by numerous clusters of stronglythickened stone cells (st^), about which as a center radiate elongated. Fig. 252. {Fyrus communis). Isolated elements of fruit. e/»j epidermis; //v hypoderm;fruit flesh elements: 5/ stone cell group, p^ radiating parenchjona, / fiber, bundleconsisting of sp spiral, g pitted and ret reticulated vessels, st- stone cell accompanyingbundle, and cr crystal cells of mesocarp; p^ porous layers and ie inner layer of endo-carp. X160. (K. B. WiNTON.) parenchyma cells (p^). The groups of stone cells are largest (oftenover I mm.) and occur in the greatest number in the inner layers. Theindividuals are isodiametric, often over 50 // in diameter, or slightlyelongated, and have colorless walls with distinctly branching colors them yellow, safranin, red, thus making them evident inthe ground tissue. Similar stone cells occur in the quince, but only inthe stem end of the apple. Starch grains (4-5 /i) occur in the unripefruit. The
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookpub, booksubjectplantanatomy
